Intestinal colonization of different Brachyspira spp. in laying hens

Avian intestinal spirochetosis [AIS] is caused by spiral-shaped Gram-negative Brachyspira spp. in poultry. It is known as a cause of diarrhea, low egg production, and increased occurrence of dirty eggs in layer hens. In this study, the presence of some Brachyspira spp. was investigated in laying hens. A total of 100 cloacal swab samples were individually collected from 20 laying hen flocks showing fecal egg staining in northeast of Iran. Using culture and morphologic examination, 41 samples [41%] from 20 flocks were positive; however, by using genus-specific PCR, only 37 [37%] samples were confirmed as Brachyspira spp. Using species-specific primers, single colonization was identified in 18 samples associated with B. pilosicoli [48.6%], while single colonization with B. intermedia was found in only two samples [5.4%]. Simultaneous colonization by B. intermedia and B. murdochii was detected in 3 samples [8.1%]. B. pilosicoli was the most prevalent species in concurrent colonization in 11 cases [29.7%]. Finally, cocolonization by B. intermedia and B. innocens was identified in 3 samples [8.1%]. The results of this study showed the colonization of different species of Brachyspira with dominance of B. pilosicoli in layer hens

[Investigation of iron powder, hydrogen peroxide and iron hydrogen peroxide for removal of acid yellow powder 36 dye from aqueous solutions]

A great part of organic compounds cause more pollution in natural waters meet, are chemical dye material. Azo dyes have more usage in different industries. Azo dyes not only give undesirable dye to the water but also have mutation potential and carcinogenesis effects in human and cause the production of toxic substances in water environments. The purpose of this study is investigation of iron powder, hydrogen peroxide and iron powder-hydrogen peroxide processes in removal of acid yellow 36 dye from aqueous solutions. This study was conducted in laboratory scale. At this experiment synthetic solution was made from acid yellow 36 dye, and the removal of acid yellow 36 dye was studied by iron powder, hydrogen peroxide and iron powder-hydrogen peroxide processes .Also effect of dye concentration, pH solution, hydrogen peroxide concentration, iron powder concentration and the time of contact on decolorization, were evaluated. The results showed that iron powder-hydrogen peroxide process, compared to two other process has high decolorization power. Removal efficacy of iron powder-hydrogen peroxide process with H[2]O[2]=23.33 ml / L, pH=3, iron powder 2000 mg/L and 60 minute, was about 97.9% In general this investigation showed that, this method [Iron powder-hydrogen peroxide process] has high efficiency for removal of Azo dyes. But application this method in the industry, should be economically evaluated

[Servey impact of activated alumina in fluoride concentration peresent in water and appointment adsorption isotherm and kinetics]

Determination of Fluoride in drinking water has received increasing interest, duo to its beneifical and detrimental effects on health. The aim of this research is investigation of Effect of activated alumina in fluoride concentration reduction in drinking water. Expriment in batch system and with change effective parameters such as pH[5, 7,9], equilibration time [30, 60, 90, 120 minute], initial fluoride concentration[1.4, 2, 2.4 mg/1] and activated Alumina dosage [0.1,0.2,0.3 gr/1] was investigated. Also found data of this research were fited with Langmuir and Freundlich models, kinetic data with pseudo- first order, pseudo- second order and modifited pseudo-first order models. The results showed that with increasing of pH of solution, removal efficiency was decreased and optimum pH was found to be in the range of 5 to 7. Also removal efficiency of fluoride was increased with increasing of adsorbent dosage and decreasing of initial concentration of fluoride. Adsorption isotherm data show that the fluoride sorption followed the Langmuir model [r[2]=0.98]. Kinetics of sorption of fluoride onto Activated alumina was well described by pseudo- second order model. The concentration of Activated Alumina had significant effect on the reduction of fluoride ions concentration in water. The higher fluoride removals were observed for batch experiments at pH=5 because no free fluoride ion is present in the solutions, and it could be casued by electrostatic interactions between the surface of alumina and the dominant fluoride species in solution The kinetic model can adequately describe the removal behaviors of fluoride ion by alumina adsorption in the batch system