ABSTRACT
Effects of mating sex ratios on production performance in Indian peafowl were investigated at Punjab Wildlife Research Institute, Gatwala Faisalabad. Research was conducted from May through August 2007 to explore the most productive mating sex ratio. The sex ratios have a significant effect on egg production
Maximum mean eggs [1.63] were produced by the sex ratio 1:2 while maximum egg fertility [79.63%] and hatchability [61.59%] was noted in the sex ratio 1:3. Sex ratios had a significant effect on egg weight
Sex ratios have shown no effect [except number of mountings] on courtship behavior of peafowl. Statistically less feed was consumed by sex ratio 1:3 and better feed conversion was shown by sex ratio 1:1?
ABSTRACT
To determine the immediate and intermediate term outcome of balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty by echocardiography. This study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology Postgraduate Medical Institute Lady Reading Hospital [LRH], Peshawar from July 1999 to January 2003. Patients with severe pulmonic valve stenosis who underwent balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty during this period were included in the study. Forty Patients fulfilling the study inclusion criteria were followed up to 18 months by two dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examinations at 6 months interval. Patients with dysplastic valve leaflets or for whom 18 months follow up data was not available were excluded from the study. Echocardiographic data was collected prospectively. Echocardiographic hemodynamic data was analysed initially and at all three follow up visits, using descriptive statistics and paired t-test. Total 64 balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty procedures were performed during this period. Forty patients fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and the remaining 24 patients were excluded from the study. Mean age of the patients was 13.05 +/- 8.22 years, ranging from 1-33 years. Pre-peak pulmonic valve gradient reduced from 100.9 +/- 29.20 mmHg to 31.38 +/- 15.99 mmHg [p<0.0001] immediately after balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty. Pulmonic valve gradient at day 1 [31.38 +/- 15.99] reduced significantly at 18 months [18.88 +/- 10.24] [p<0.0001]. Complication encountered during the procedure was transient ventricular tachycardia or multiple premature ventricular contractions. Balloon pulmonic valvuloplasty is safe and effective in reducing pulmonic valve gradient acutely and the benefit persists till 18 months. Further fall in pulmonic valve gradient is seen in intermediate term follow up
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Catheterization , Echocardiography , Treatment Outcome , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
Prevention of sudden cardiac death has always been a challenge for electrophysiologists and to date, automatic implantable cardiovertor defibrillator [AICD] is found to be the only remedy. This device delivers an intracardiac shock whenever it senses a fatal ventricular arrhythmia in order to achieve sinus rhythm. If the delivery of these intracardiac shocks becomes frequent, the situation is declared as an electrical storm. This article deals with the frequency, precipitating factors and prevention of electrical storms. One hundred and ten episodes of electrical storms [a total of 668 shocks] were retrospectively analysed in 25 recipients of automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillators. ECG, echocardiography, serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine were done for all the patients, and they were hospitalized for a minimum of 24 hours. During the 3 year study period, all the 25 patients with an implantable cardiovertor defibrillator, on an average, received one shock per two years. However, 12 out of these 25 patients [50%] had more than two shocks within 24 hours. Most of these patients with electrical storms were having active ischemia, electrolytes imbalances or renal failure. Electrical storms are common in patients with coronary artery disease with impaired left ventricular functions. Ischemia, electrolytes imbalances and renal failure predispose to the electrical storms. Electrical Storms are predictors of poor prognosis