Assessment of thyroid function in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum

Pregnancy is accompanied by changes in thyroid function. Human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] is a glycoprotein hormone that has structural similarity to TSH. Women with hyperemisis gravidarum often have high hCG levels that cause transient hyperthyroidsm. This study was designed to investigate the role played by, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone [TSH], tri-iodothyronine [T[3]] and thyroxin [T[4]], in nausea and vomiting of hyperemesis gravidarum. We studied 90 pregnant patients in their first trimester of pregnancy. Patients were divided into two groups, 60 women in the hyperemesis gravidarum group who came presenting with severe ernesis gravidarum and 30 women as normal controls. There was a significant difference between the two groups as regards gestational age [p=0.003] with the hyperemesis group patients tending to have a higher gestational age [mean=8.3 weeks] than the control group [mean 7.5 weeks], gravidity [p=0.023] with the hyperemesis group having a higher rate than the control group, WBCs [p=0.0001] with the control group [mean 6840] tending to have a higher leucocytic count than the hyperemesis group [mean 6435]. There was a significant difference between the two groups as regards serum Free T level [p=0.001]; Free T[4] level [p=0.001] and TSH level [p=0.001] in 48 out of 60 patients [80%] of the hyperemesis group, ketonuria was present while it was absent in the control group. Positive correlations existed between serum Free T[3], Free T[4], TSH and ketonuria in the hyperemesis group of patients. In conclusion; Thyroid hormone levels [Free T[3], Free T[4] and TSH] are elevated in hyperemesis gravidarum and relate well with the severity of that condition

Assessment of thyroid functions and leptin hormone in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum during the first trimester

Pregnancy is accompanied by changes in thyroid function. Human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] is a glycoprotein hormone that has structural similarity to TSH. Women with hyperemisis gravidarum often have high hCG levels that cause transient hyperthyroidsm. Leptin is a protein that is structurally similar to cytokine family. Studies have demonstrated that a rapid increase in leptin concentration during the first trimester is associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. This study was designed to investigate the role played by, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone [TSH], free triiodothyronine [FT[3]], free thyroxin [FT[4]] and leptin levels in relation to nausea and vomiting of hyperemesis gravidarum. We studied 90 pregnant patients in their first trimester of pregnancy. Patients were divided into two groups, 60 patients in the hyperemesis gravidarum group who came-presenting with severe emesis gravidarum and 30 patients as normal controls. There was a significant difference between the two groups as regards gestational age [p=0.003] with the hyperemesis group patients tending to have a higher gestational age [mean=8.3 weeks] than the control group [mean 7.5 weeks], gravidity [p=0.023] with the hyperemesis group having a higher rate than the control group, WBCs [p=0.0001] with the control group [mean 6840] tending to have a higher leucocytic count than the hyperemesis group [mean 6435]. There was a significant difference between the two groups as regards free T[3] level [p=0.001]; free T[4] level [p=0.001], TSR level [p=0.001], and leptin level [p=0.0001]. Ketonuria was present in 48 out of 60 patients [80%] in the hyperemesis group, while it was absent in the control group. Correlations existed between Free T[3], Free T[4], TSH and ketonuria in the hyperemesis group of patients. Leptin level correlated with metabolic products [creatinine, urea, and ketone bodies]. It does not correlate with any of the thyroid hormones [FT[3] or FT[4]] or TSR. This demonstrates that both thyroid hormones and leptin are independent factors associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. In conclusion; Thyroid hormone levels [Free T[3], Free T[4] and TSH] in addition to leptin are elevated in hyperemesis gravidarum and relate well with the severity of that condition