ABSTRACT
Background: Myristica fragrans is an evergreen aromatic tree cultivated in many tropical countries. Nutmeg, the dried ripe seed of M. fragrans, is a popular spice used in sweet and savory cooking, and a variety of drinks
Objective: Nutmeg has a variety of pharmaceutical effects and in this study its effects on immune responses were evaluated
Methods: Six groups [each group 8] of Wistar rats were treated as follows: Even groups received Nutmeg extract at dose 300 mg per kg of body weight intraperitoneally [IP], daily up to 12 days. Odd groups received PBS instead of nutmeg extract. The rats of groups 1 and 2 were immunized IP with 1.35×109 Sheep RBC [SRBC] in days 1 and 6. The rats of groups 3 and 4, were immunized IP with 1.35×109 SRBC in days 1 and subcutaneously in right foot pad with 2.7×107 SRBC in a volume of 0.1 ml on the day 9. Titer of anti-SRBC antibody in the groups 1 and 2 and lysozyme and alternative complement pathway activity of groups 5 and 6 were evaluated on day 13. The swelling of footpads in groups 3 and 4 were measured at 24, 48, and 72 hours after challenge with SRBC and these rats euthanized on day 13 and theirs foot were examined histopathologically for infiltration of inflammatory cells
Results: The result showed that nutmeg extract significantly increase anti SRBC titer [P=0.005], inhibit inflammatory cells infiltration [P< 0.001] but has not any effect on serum lysozyme or complement activity [P=0.4]
Conclusion: In conclusion nutmeg extract shows a significant suppression on cell mediated immunity and stimulatory effect on humeral immune response to SRBC in Wistar rats
ABSTRACT
Color matching between natural teeth, shade guides and metal-ceramic restorations is a common clinical problem. Difficulties related to color matching arise from structural differences between metal-ceramic crowns and natural teeth, the limitation of range of available ceramic shades, inadequate shade guides, different type of metal alloys, and varying composition of ceramic materials. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of various porcelains on the final color of metal-ceramic restorations. Three commercial porcelains for metal-ceramic restorations, Vita VMK[95] [Vident, Brea, CA, USA], ceramco[2] [Dentsply, Burlington, NJ, USA] and Noritake[Noritake, Tokyo, Japan] and alloy T3[Ticonium, Division of CMP Indnstries LLC] were combined in metal-ceramic disks with standardized thickness of layeres.10 disk[10mm] were prepared for each porcelains in A3 shade. the samples were analyzed with a spectrophotometer, and data were obtained in the CLELAB color system. The recorded data were analyzed with One Way Analysis of Variance and Tukey test. The type of porcelains overlying disks had significant effect on color of metal ceramic restoration [P<0.001] in three coordinate dimensions [L, a, b]. The Vita porcelain had most similar to the control group [delta E=1.58] and the ceramco[2] porcelain was least similar to the control group [delta E=2.65]. The data of this study indicated that type of porcelain had significant effect on metal-ceramic restoration color