ABSTRACT
Survival probability of P.falciparum was determined against the chloroquine and its combination with sulphadoxine-pyremethamine, Type of study: Prospective nonrandomizcd descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted in five districts [Muzaffargarh, D.G, Khan, Jhang, Sheikhupura and Multan] of Punjab, Pakistan, During the non-transmission season of the year 1999 to 2000 and 2008, among the rural populations 5952 persons were screened for malarial parasites, Methodology: During the malaria non transmission season [November, December and January], 5952 persons were screened for malaria and 1409 positive cases were detected, 404 subjects out of total positive cases were selected to be tested against chloroquine and 50 with combination of chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyremethamine by in vivo technique. Follow up was carried out for 28 days [on day 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28], Over all 35, 4% resistance-I was detected against chloroquine monotherapy and 4% with combination therapy [chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyremethamine] Resistance-Ill was not found. Two variables were found important predictors of drug resistance; a young child and a high parasitaemia count [>6000/micro1] at day 0, It is concluded that malaria is still significant problem and resistance against monotherapy is increasing, hence adoption of combination therapy as first line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Punjab Pakistan is recommended
Subject(s)
Humans , Chloroquine , Drug Combinations , Pyrimethamine , Sulfadoxine , SurvivalABSTRACT
Hydatidosis is a zoonotic public health problem globally and in Pakistan also causing illness in human and animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of disease. None randomized prospective study. This study was conducted in different abattoirs of Pujab [Faisalabad and Lahore], Pakistan from 2004-2008. In present study 39738 male and female animals [sheep, goats, buffaloes, cattle and camels] were examined. Liver and Lungs were main visceral organs with bigger size of cyst collected and processed on Real Time PCR. Highest prevalence [%] was found 7.29 [102/590] in camels and lowest 5.18 [155/2990] in cattle. Prevalence of fertile cysts was also determined and found highest [95%] in camels and lowest [75%] in cattle. Sterile, calcified and under developed cysts were also seen but without any significant number, except in cattle sterile cysts were significantly high [P<0.05]. Study showed high prevalence in two [Faisalabad and Lahore] out of six abattoirs visited in different big cites. It is concluded that in Punjab hydatidosis is significantly prevalence. The major cause of this prevalence is improper disposal of infected organs and unhygienic conditions of abattoirs