Improving the aqueous solubility of piroxicam and griseofulvin using different surfactants and cosolvents

This study is an attempt to solubilize a non steroidal anti-inflamatory drug, namely, Piroxicam [PX] and an anti-fungal drug, namely, Griseofulvin [GR], using different surfactant and cosolvent systems. It could be shown that the aqueous solubility of PX is increased by 56, 57, 65, 87 and 138 fold using solution with a concentration of 18% w/v of either Tween 20, sodium lauryl sulphate [SLS], tween 80, Brij 35, or poloxamer 188, respectively. Moreover, the aqueous solubility of PX has been shown to increase by 104, 102, 92 or 34 fold using 60% w/v of either ethanol, polyethylene glycol 400 [PEG 400], propylene glycol [PG], or glycerin, respectively. Propanol, however, gave 140 fold increase in PX aqueous solubility at a cosolvent concentration of only 30% w/v. The solubility of PX has also been shown to increase from 3.6 mg/ml to 10.6 mg/ml by increasing the pH from 6 to 8 respectively. On the other hand, 9, 21, 24, 26 or 219 fold increase in the aqueous solubility of GR could be achieved by using 18% w/v of either poloxamer 188, tween 20, brij 35, tween 80, or SLS, respectively. Moreover, propanol, ethanol, PEG 400, PG, and glycerin gave 104, 99, 26, 14 and 13 and 104 fold increase in GP aqueous solubility at a cosolvent concentration 60% w/v. the addition of cosolvent to the micellar solutions of different surfactants influenced the solubility of either PX or GR in different ways depending on the type of the drug and the cosolvent added. Increasing the temperature at which the equilibration is conducted showed an increase in the aqueous solubility of either PX or GR

Formulation and in vitro evaluation of indomethacin controlled release matrix tablets

In this study, a comparative investigation was performed to assess the performance of hydrogenated phosphatidyl choline [HPC] and cellulosic polymers as ethyl cellulose [EC] and hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose [HPMC] as matrix-forming agents. Indomethacin was used as a model drug for the preparation of these controlled release tablets. Tablets were evaluated for their compaction characteristics and in vitro drug release behavior. Direct compression [DC] and wet granulation [WG] techniques were used to prepare the tablets. Magnesium stearate was the lubricant, avicel and lactose were the vehicles, while HPC and the cellulosic polymers served as retarding agents. The dissolution rates of these tablets were controlled by USPXXII dissolution method and the profile of each tablet formulation was plotted. WG technique was successful in using these retarding agents to sustain the release of the drug

Analysis of 500 cases of missing IUD threads

Five hundred consecutive contraceptors whose IUD threads were neither visible nor palpable at the time of examination were included in this study.Three hundred and seventy women had their IUD in utero [20 were pregnant] and 30 had unnoticed expulsions. One hundred devices were in the peritoneal cavity. Since the IUD was in the uterine cavity in the majority of these cases, most contraceptors whose IUD threads disappear could be managed in the outpatient clinic with relatively simple techniques to locate and remove the device

Dysmenorrhea-like pain, a neglected common symptom in early pregnancy

Although many symptoms like amenorrhea, nausea and vomiting are known to accompany early pregnancy, there are other symptoms which may be ignored by the attending doctor.The vague dysmenorrhea-like pain appears to be an earlier symptom that may even precede morning sickness. This study was conducted on 600 patients divided into two groups, 100 patients volunteered the complaint and 500 patients surveyed for this symptom. Although this symptom is difficult to explain, it does exist and is often disturbing to the patient

benign causes of post menopausal bleeding

A retrospective study of all cases of PMB admitted to the Ob/Gyn. Dept. of Kasr El-Aini Hospital during the period of 1973-1983 was conducted. Thirty-six cases showed different malignant lesions of the female genital tract, while 116 cases proved to have a benign cause of PMB. Benign and malignant causes of PMB were tabulated against the duration of the menopausal period, patient's age and parity; and were tested for statistical significance by the Chi square test. The importance of the patient's characteristics [i.e. age and duration of menopause] is stressed in the evaluation of the condition. The fact that benign causes of PMB are by far more common than the malignant ones should not lead to reluctance or procrastination in the management of the condition