ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Sea cucumber [Holothuria leucospilota] is used for food purposes and traditional medicine in the South East and East Asia. This study was done to determine the antiviral effect of methanolic extract, of Holothuria leucospilota species against HIV-1 virus
Methods: In this laboratory study, sea cucumbers were collected from Larak Island, Persian Gulf, Iran at depths of 10-30 m. Methanol solvent was used for extraction process. Extract was concentrated by rotary evaporator at 40-45[degree sign]C, and subsequently was prepared in the form of dry powder using vacuum freeze dryer lyophilization
Results: The extract in 100 and 1000 micro g/ml of concentrations inhibited by 94% and 92.5% the replication of HIV-1, respectively. 10 micro g/ml of extract had not specific antiviral effect. Approximately the half of concentration of extract [35.89 micro g/ml] prevents 50% of proliferation of HIV-1, which was 50% toxic of on host cells [P<0.05]
Conclusion: Sea cucumber methanolic body wall extract of Holothuria leucospilota species had no antiviral effect against HIV-1 virus. It can be due to cytotoxic effect of extract on the host cells
ABSTRACT
Oral local immune factors may play a protective role against oral diseases and defend against microbial agents. Salivary immunoglobulin A [IgA] is a major factor for the local host defence against caries and periodontal disease. The aims of this study were to determine the concentrations of salivary IgA and IgE levels in breast-fed and formula-fed children in infancy period. Totally, 80 healthy 5 years old children were included in the study. According to type of feeding in infancy period, the children divided into two groups: 50 breast-fed and 30 formula-fed. One milliliter of saliva was collected from each participant, centrifuged, and stored at -70 °C. The salivary IgA and IgE concentrations were measured, using ELISA technique. In breast-fed children, the salivary IgA level [39.6 mg/1 +/- 17.3] was significantly higher than that in formula-fed children [26.9 mg/1 +/- 14] [P=0.0001]. However, the salivary IgE level was significantly lower in breast-fed children, comparing with formula-fed ones [5.01 lU/ml +/- 19.70 vs. 11.74 lU/ml +/- 39.40] [P=0.047]. These results suggest that breast feeding enhances salivary IgA level in the early period of life which may contribute in oral cavity immunity. Higher salivary IgE level observed in formula-fed subjects may have a potential role in development of allergic or inflammatory reactions