[Sexual health challenges of adolescents in Iran: a review article]

Becoming to an adult who is sexually healthy is one of the key developmental activities for adolescents. sexual health is included of sexual development and reproductive health and also the ability to create and maintain good interpersonal relationships, are valued for their body, Respectful engagement with both sexes in correct method and expressed a desire, love and intimacy based on personal and stable social values. In this study, using key words adolescence, sexual behavior, sexual risk behavior and sexual health and peers, related studies from 1370 to 1390 in IranMedex, Irandoc, Medlib, SID and Google scholar were investigated. Factors and challenges are associated with adolescent sexual health can be categorized into the following 4 themes [12 sub themes]: Religious beliefs and spirituality [abstinence]; lack of sexual education [false beliefs and knowledge about sexual function; adolescents' attitudes toward risky behavior and sexual relations; information sources of adolescents; skills for "say no"]; community and youth issues[gender differences; relationships with peers; monitoring and control by the family; communication challenges between teen and parents; socioeconomical factors; Centers for reproductive health services to adolescents]; adolescents sexual relationship outcomes [catching sexually transmitted diseases probability]. In some areas, including relationships between parents with children, gender differences, attitudes and sexual behavior and the influence of peers, Studies conducted in our country is well. But in areas such as spirituality and religious beliefs, self-control, prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS, life skills in adolescents and intervention strategies to promote sexual health of adolescents there are a great gap

[ effect of nursing process-based care on patients' anxiety of candidates for women's elective surgery]

Although surgery as a means of therapy is used today and saves many patients' lives but it has also some complications. One of its most important psychological complications is preoperative anxiety. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nursing process based care on patients' anxiety of candidates for women's elective surgery. Using a randomized clinical trial, 60 candidates for women's elective surgery in kosar hospital of Qazvin city were randomly assigned to either control or experimental groups. The experimental group was assessed based on nursing process after admission. If any nursing diagnoses including anxiety, knowledge deficit, or fear were found, then the required training was provided to the patients. The control group just received routine care. Data was collected using Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale [APAIS] and a laboratory test for measurement of serum cortisol level. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics [Chi-square test, fisher's exact test, paired t test, independent t test, Wilcoxon and Pearson correlation] using SPSS-PC [v.17]. Paired t test results showed that the mean score for preoperative anxiety in the experimental group [13.6 +/- 3.3] compared to the time of admission [23.33 +/- 3.6] has been significantly decreased [p=0.001, t= - 4.7]. Whereas the mean score for preoperative anxiety in the control group [23/4 +/- 4.28] compared to mean score of anxiety at admission time [17/03 +/- 3.96] had been increased [p=0.001, t= -7.39]. Results of independent t test showed that the mean preoperative anxiety score in the experimental group was significantly less than control group [p=0.001, t=-10.3]. According to the results, nursing care based on nursing process as an effective and non pharmaceutical intervention can be recommended for reducing anxiety and concerns of these patients

[Female sexual satisfaction with different contraceptive methods]

The choice, acceptance and satisfaction of women with different types of contraceptive methods would affect their quality of life and sexual function. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the female sexual satisfaction with different types of contraceptive methods in clients referred to Qazvin city clinics. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out among 467 women in 6 midwifery units of Qazvin city health centers in 2009 using cluster random sampling method. Sexual satisfaction was assessed with Larson Sexual Satisfaction Scale among women using different contraceptive methods. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics [Chi-square test, Pearson correlation test and ANOVA] using SPSS-PC [v.16]. According to the findings, the percentage of using withdrawal, condom, OCPs, DMPA, IUD, TL and vasectomy were 25.5%, 26.3, 13.3%, 6.6%, 18.8%, 6% and 3.4%, respectively. Most of the participants [54.9%] had moderate sexual satisfaction. There were a significant difference between the mean score of sexual satisfaction and use of different types of contraceptive methods [P=0.041]. The most sexual satisfaction was found with condom [28.6%] and withdrawal [26.5%] methods. The findings revealed that contraceptive methods can affect women's sexual satisfaction. Accordingly, executing family planning training programs for counselors regarding the suitable choose of contraceptive method considering women's sexual satisfaction is recommended

[ effect of balloon inflating on venous opening pain in children]

Venous opening is a usual but painful procedure in bedridden children. Performing anything to distract the child from thinking of pain could reduce the pain. This study was performed to determine the effect of balloon inflating on venous opening pain in 4-7 years old children. This was a randomized controlled trial in which 60 children [30 in balloon inflating group and 30 in control group] aged 4-7 years old who were referred to surgical department of Qods hospital investigated. A questionnaire including the demographic characteristics and FACES Wong-Baker pain gradation index was used to collect data. Using simple randomization, the patients were divided into two groups. In balloon inflating group, the children were educated on how to inflate a balloon prior to injection and later, using the pain determination tools, the severity of pain was measured at the time of venous opening. In control group, without any intervention, the venous was opened and the severity of pain determined. Data were analyzed using statistical tests including the chi square test and independent T test. The mean pain severity in balloon group was 1.60 +/- 1.42 and in control group 5.26 +/- 3.46 and the difference between two groups was significant, statistically. According to findings of the present study, balloon inflating is an effective, non medical, cheap and available method to reduce the pain in children when venous opening procedure is performed. Hence, it could be widely used to control and reduce the pain in children at time of therapeutic interventions

[ effect of family centered empowerment model on the quality of life in elderly people]

The proportion of older adults in the population continues to grow in the developing countries. In addition, in elderly persons decrease quality of life in geriatric because of several factors, such as, low physical activity and impairment in mobility. This study was performed to assess the effect of family centered empowerment model on the quality of life in charmahalobakhtiari elderly people This quasi-experimental study was conducted older adults in 2007-2008. In this study 60 elderly persons were randomly [Stratified Sampling] divided into two groups; experimental [30] and control [30]. Family centered empowerment model was administrated to the individual of experimental group for 3months; subsequently using SF-36 questionnaire, the level of quality of life was measured in the two groups at the beginning and the end of the study. The data was analyzed by using chi-square and nonparametric tests. quality of life score mean in contro group was 41.71. pair test analysis showed that by Using family centered empowerment model, mean of level of quality of life[75.46] in different were increase statically significant [p<0.01], whereas in the control group, these parameters, were unchanged. Our study results showed that using a family centered empowerment model can increase the level of quality of life in older adult in different dimension