[Assessment of surgical success rate and acoustic tests findings in patients with otosclerosis]

Otoacoustic emissions are low density sounds produced from intact cochlea measureable in the presence of an intact conduction structure. The goal of this study was to assess the surgical success rate after stapes surgery by standard audiometric tests, Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission [DPOAE] and Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emission [TEOAE] as methods of evaluation of postoperative hearing. A descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 50 patients with otosclerosis at Yazd Shaheed Sadoughi Medical University from March 2004 till October 2007. TEOAE, DPOAE and other behavioral audiometric tests were performed before, three months and six months after surgery on patients and results were compared. The air-bone gap threshold decreased significantly in audiogram of patients after surgery. Prior to surgery, TEOAE and DPOAE responses were not recordable in any of the patients, but after surgery, they were recordable in only two patients. Although conductive hearing loss improved significantly in patients who underwent successful stapes surgery, OAE tests were recordable in an insignificant number of patients. Therefore, this is not an optimal method for evaluating the surgical success rate

[Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in cirrhotic patients]

Cirrhosis is a pathologically defined entity associated with a spectrum of characteristic manifestations. The cardinal pathologic features reflect irreversible chronic injury of the hepatic parenchyma and include extensive fibrosis in association with the formation of regenerative nodules. Autonomic dysfunction is a frequent and important complication of cirrhosis. The risk of mortality in cirrhotic patients with autonomic dysfunction is higher than that in cirrhotic patients without this complication. This study aimed to determine the frequency of autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction in cirrhotic patients. Thirty cirrhotic patients who admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital and thirty healthy persons [control group, matched age and sex] in Yazd from Dec 2005 to July 2006 were studied. In both group individuals with renal failure, heart failure and diabetes mellitus were excluded. Drugs that influence the autonomic nervous system were discontinued for 24 hours and then, 3standard autonomic function tests were carried out. Results from two group were collected in a questionnaire and analyzed statistically. Of 30 patients, 24 [80%] were men and 6 [20%] were women. The mean age was 51.9+19.4 years and the mean duration of cirrhosis was 3.8 +/- 2.7 years. Twenty-six patients [86.7%] had autonomic neuropathy. Twenty-four out of these twenty-six patients [80%] had parasympathetic dysfunction and two [6.7%] had combined sympathetic and parasympathetic neuropathy. None of them showed sympathetic dysfunction alone. Four patients [13.3%] didn't have autonomic neuropathy. There was significant correlation between the frequency of autonomic neuropathy and the severity of cirrhosis [p<0.001]. Significant correlation was seen between the frequency of autonomic dysfunction and the duration of cirrhosis [p<0.01].There was no significant correlation between age, sex and the frequency of dysfunction neuropathy [p=0.118 and p=0.16, respectively]. To assess the correlation between the etiology of cirrhosis and the prevalence of dysfunction neuropathy, a further prospective study involving a larger number of patients is necessary. More severe and prolonged hepatic failure was associated with more frequent autonomic neuropathy in patients with cirrhosis