[ survey on preferences and factors influencing the decision of the physicians working in public centers of tehran university of medical sciences to enter family Physician]

Introduction: Given the role of general practitioners in the family physician plan, it is important for policy makers and planners to know the factors influencing GP's decision to enter this plan. The purpose of this research is to extract preferences and factors affecting the decision of the physicians working in health- treatment centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Methods: This was an applied descriptive survey. In this study, the preferences of general practitioners affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences have been extracted. For this purpose, a discrete choice experiment was used. Data were collected through a questionnaire structured by D-Efficiency criteria using SAS software, designed by SPSS software, and analyzed by STATA12

Results: Higher net income, employment in the place of residence, presence of a specified quota for PhD degree in family medicine, presence of housing and transportation facilities and lower covered population are preferred by GPs working in public sectors affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Among these attributes, service place was found to be 2 to 6 times more important than others. The attribute of settlement period did not show to have a significant affect. The importance of some attributes showed to be different in different socioeconomic groups

Conclusions: Designing the program with regard to the demographic characteristics of GPs can increase the probability of their entry and successful implementation of the project. Moreover, given the high importance of the location of employment attribute, it seems that very attractive incentives should be considered to encourage general practitioners in the public sector to practice in remote areas

Comparison of acute and chronic effects of nifedipine on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in mice

Mice were rendered tolerant and dependent to morphine by subcutaneous injection of morphine over a period of 5 days. The effects of acute and chronic administration of dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist nifedipine on the development of tolerance and naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal signs were investigated. A single injection of nifedipine proved to be effective in inhibiting some signs of morphine withdrawal but ineffective in blocking the development of tolerance to the ataxic action of morphine. The concurrent injections of nifedipine with morphine prevented most signs of morphine withdrawal but failed to have any effects on the development of tolerance to the ataxic action of morphine. The results suggest that alterations in dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels may be involved in the adaptations that occur on chronic treatment with morphine. It is also possible to conclude that separate mechanisms are involved in the development of tolerance and dependence