[Association between spiritual health and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes in Bandar Abbas, Iran]

Spiritual well being is one of the fundamental concepts in chronic diseases in which create meaning and purpose in life and considered as an important approach in promoting general health and quality of life. This study was aimed to explore the relationship between spiritual well being and the quality of life among the patients with type 2 diabetes referred to diabetes clinic of Aboureihan specific diseases centre in Bandar Abbas. This descriptive study was carried out on 330 patients between 40-74 years referred to diabetes clinic in year 2012. Information through spiritual health and quality of life questionnaires were collected. Data analysis by describtive statistics and Pearson Correlation was performed. P<0.05 was considered significant. There was a significant relationship between spiritual well being, religious and existential aspect of spiritual well being and aspects of quality of life. The results may intensify the necessity of strengthening of the spiritual health as a factor affecting quality of life in those patients. The key point in a country like Iran with intellectual, cultural and religious beliefs could be useful and necessary in designing caretherapies programs for such patients

Evaluation of modification of behaviour of the pregnant women in the field of urinary infections based on the health belief mode

One of the most common problems among women during pregnancy is Urinary Infection [UI]. Pregnant women are highly susceptible to UI due to body changes and because of its potential complications on mothers and their fetuses, UI receives particular attention.The current study aimed at investigating the modifiability of behavior of the pregnant women in the field of urinary infections based on the health belief model. This is a quasi-experimental intervention study. The samples involved 110 pregnant women who attended Health Center in Behbahan [Khuzestan Province] and were randomized to case and control groups. The reliability and validity were established before conducting the study and the tool of the study included a designed questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model [HBM]. Before the intervention, the participants in both groups were asked to fill in a questionnaire and the pregnant women of the experimental group received a five session educational program according to [HBM]. There was no intervention in control group. One month after intervention, both groups were evaluated by re-completing the questionnaire. And finally, Statistical tests such as Independent t-test, Paired t-test and Chi- Square were used for analysis of data in both groups. The results of an independent t-test revealed that before intervention there were no significant differences between the mean scores of the pregnant women's behaviour in the two groups concerning behavioral prevention of urinary infection such as the way of cleanness and wearing clothes, eating habits, urinary habits, and sexual behaviour. After intervention, however, significant differences were observed between the mean scores of all aforesaid variables [P<0.05]. The Paired t-test showed that there were significant differences between the mean scores of the variables in case group before and after educational intervention [P<0.05], whereas the mean scores of control group changed trivially and no significant differences were observed. The findings of current study confirmed the effectiveness of educational intervention based on Health Belief Model in modification of behaviour of the pregnant women in the field of urinary infections

[Health promotion lifestyle in nursing students: a systematic review]

This review article attempted to synthesize research studies using healthy behaviors in the Pender's Health Promotion Model [HPM] in nursing students. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the health promoting lifestyles of nursing students. The methodology includes a systematic review of 14 studies from across the world, which meets predetermined criteria, to draw implications for health promotion. All studies published in the years 1998 -2012 in Medline, Elsevier, Nursing consult, Proquest and Google databases using computers keywords, were collected, evaluated and compared. All available studies based on the healthy behaviors in the HPM were recruited, coded, and analyzed. The researchers carefully rated the quality of each study and numerous variables were investigated. Health promoting life style and 6 variables in health promoting life style including interpersonal relationship, health responsibility, spiritual growth, stress management, nutrition and physical activity were also assessed. 1130 quantitative studies were found in relation to health promotion and of these, 14 were selected for full-text articles. This systematic review showed that physical activity was at the lowest level among dimensions of health promoting behavior. This article provides evidence for future research direction, which can be focused on developing health promotion programs based on the above-mentioned variables

[ effect of education by community health volunteers on choice of delivery kind in pregnant women based on the behavioral intention model [BIM]]

Delivery or parturition is the peak of a woman's pregnancy period, accompanied with birth of one or more babies. Unfortunately, Cesarean section, despite its probable undesirable health and economic consequences, has become more and more common. Considering that the goal of health education is behavior change in people, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of health volunteers in educating mothers consulting the health care centers in Ardabil in the area of choice of delivery method based on the Behavioral Intention Model [BIM]. In this experimental study, 140 primaparous mothers in Ardabil city in the seventh month of pregnancy were selected by systematic random sampling and divided into a case and a control group, and a written pretest was given to both groups. Education based on the BIM was imparted to the case group. One month after delivery, both groups were post-tested. The data on awareness, attitude, results evaluation and practice were analyzed using the Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney-U and Chi-square tests. The findings revealed statistical differences between the case and control groups after intervention with regard to awareness, evaluation of results and attitude [p<0.001]. However, behavioral intention did not change [p=0.106]. Although health volunteers' participation results in an increase in knowledge and promotes attitude and evaluation of behavioral results in pregnant women, it does not change their behavioral intention. It is suggested to conduct similar studies for comparative purposes involving other trainers, such as physicians and nurses in other cities, using other educational models and methods

[ effect of education based on health belief model on promotion of physical puberty health among teen girls in welfare boarding centers in Tehran]

Puberty as a stage of life is an important developmental process. Teen girls have numerous health care needs and their specific issues should be considered. This study mainly aimed to determine the impact of education based on health belief model on promotion of physical puberty health among female teenagers who were residents in welfare boarding centers in Tehran city. It was a quasi-experimental intervention study, conducted in welfare boarding centers of Tehran city among inhabitant girls with 12 to 19 years old. All eligible persons were selected [n=61]. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic information, health belief components, physical function during menstruation, completed before and one month after training by interview. Educational intervention was implemented in 3 months. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon statistical test using SPSS16 software. After educational intervention, perceived severity [p<0.001], perceived susceptibility [p<0/001], perceived barriers [p<0.001], perceived benefits [p<0.001], and physical function during menstruation were significantly different. Educational intervention improved girls' perceptions and performance. Thus, health belief model should be used for puberty health education planning in female adolescents

[Effectiveness of education and its influential factors on empowerement of the health volunteers in the West of Tehran Health Center]

Considering the central role of staff empowerment on the health programs also importance of the health volunteers as a bridge between to community health care system; increasing of these volunteers competence in order to promote public health is more important. So, this research has on the aim of determining the educational effectiveness on the women health volunteers' empowerment and its influential factors of the West of Tehran Health Center. This research was a qui-experimental case control study with pre-post test. The population of the study was all the women health volunteers in the West of Tehran Health Center on 2010. One hundred health volunteers as an experimental and control group were randomly selected. This one hundred was divided on two 50 as experimental and control group. The information was gathered via the questionnaire including demographic information and women health volunteers' empowerment questions, before and 1/5 month after of the educational intervention. [Via role playing, demonstration, discussion and lectures] SPSS was used for analysis of data and Mann-Whitney, correlation coefficient and chi square test were applied for analysis. The results indicated a significant correlation between age and self-confidence [r=0.259] and problem solving skills [r=0.269, p<0.01]. Also after intervention a significant increasing was seen in self-confidence [p=0.02], self-esteem and control [p=0.003], self-efficiency [p=0.014] and problem solving skills [p<0.0001] indexes of the experimental group. Generally, the results of this study indicate that education is influence on empowerment of the population studied and considering the importance of empowerment on health promotion, it is recommended to pay more attention to empowerment

[Evaluation of Pender's health promotion model for predicting adolescent girls' quality of life]

Presently not sufficient attention is paid to adolescent health promotion in many countries, because of the widespread belief that adolescents are generally healthy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictors of adolescent girls' quality of life using path analysis based on Pender's health promotion model. The Pender's health promotion model served as the framework of this cross-sectional study, which included a total of 500 adolescent girls [grades 9-11] selected by stratified random sampling from 20 high schools for girls in 4 districts of Kashan province, Iran. Inclusion criteria were being in grades 9-11 and a written informed consent [from teachers, parents and the girls themselves]. Data were collected through interviewing the girls, the interviewers being trained persons, using several standard questionnaires [for perceived self-efficacy, perceived affect, perceived barriers, perceived social support; health promoting lifestyle, and health-related quality of life]. Data analysis was done using SPSS18 and LISREL 8.8, the statistical test being path analysis. All constructs of the health promotion model and health promoting lifestyle were significantly related to adolescent girls' quality of life. Perceived self-efficacy [beta =0.70, p<0/01] and perceived affect [beta =0.21, p<0/01] had the highest correlation with the quality of life. The model and the health-promoting lifestyle as a mediator accounted for 73% and 39% of variance in adolescent girls' quality of life, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that the health promotion model can be used to explain and predict the quality of life of adolescent girls. Thus, the Pender's health promotion model is recommended to health planners for promoting the quality of life in this population

[Effect of educational program based on PRECED model on quality of life in patients with typeII diabetes]

The Problems caused by diabetes have direct and indirect impacts on quality of life of diabetic patients. By increasing of these problems quality of life of patients will decrease. This study was done to assess the effect of the educational program based on PRECEED [predisposing reinforcing enabeling causes educational diagnosis evaluation] model in promoting quality of life of patients with typeII diabetes. This pre-and post-intervention quasi-experimental study was conducted on 78 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to diabetes clinic in Minoodasht located in Golestan province of Northern Iran. The educational program based on PRCEDE Model and patients educational needs was designed. The data were collected using two questionnaires. lifequality WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and PRCEDE Model-based educational questionnaire. The subjects were followed for one month after intervention to identify the role of educational intervention on patients. The data was analyzed by using SPSS-16 and Paired t-test. After the intervention, the mean score of quality of life increased from 80.39 +/- 11.35 to 81.35 +/- 8.31. No significant difference was existed in the total score of quality of life after intervention but there were significant differences in the physical health [P<0.05], self-evaluation of quality of life of patients [P<0.01] and self-assessment of health of patients after educational intervention. This study showed that the educational program based on PRECEDE model was effective in improving quality of life of patients with regard to physical health and selfassessment of their health status

[To identify the facilitator and barrier factors of physical activity among elderly people in Tehran]

Physical activity is important for the health of all individuals, however, the determinants of physical activity behavior for elderly remain unexplored in Iran. The purpose of this investigation was to explore a range of factors that influence participation in physical activity for a group of elderly people in Tehran in 2008. This was a population-based study. Structured interviews with a valid questionnaire were employed for this survey. It was carried out on four hundred members of Healthy Association in Tehran. Multistage sampling was used. The mean age of participants was 64.07 +/- 4.49. The prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle among elderly fifty-three [53%] estimated. The prevalence across the stages was as follows: 30.25% in pre contemplation, 12.75%in contemplation, 27.25% in preparation, 6.25% in action and 23.5% in maintenance. Inactive participants perceived that their laziness prevented them from being physically active. Meeting friends was the most important facilitator for participating in physical activity. The individuals who married, younger, lower body Mass index, having no chronic disease, and those with past history of exercise were more likely to adopt, initiate and maintain regular physical activity. Regression analysis showed that the greater knowledge of physical activity, higher Perceived health benefits, more Self efficacy were associated with physical activity. Knowing the facilitators and barriers factors of physical activity in elderly would help to implement any future intervention for this group of people

[ effects of hope promoting interventions on cancer patients. A case study in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2007]

Cancer occurs when cells divide uncontrollably. These abnormal cells can invade nearby tissues or travel to distant sites by entering the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. Cancer Incidence rate in the last 50 years has been constantly increased. Hope is a significant factor and essential element in cancer disease treatment that has many effects on compatibility with conditions, especially in suffering and disappointing period's. Hope has a significant role in increasing the quality of life and effects different stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to increase and promote the hope factor in cancer patients. This is a controlled randomized trial study which was carried out at the chemotherapy section at Qods Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2007 on 50 cancer patients. The HHI questionnaire was used and completed both before and after the intervention on both the case and control groups [each group consisted of 25 patients]. The Hope promoting intervention for patients in the case group was a face-to-face method and was individually conducted by the PBL method. There was no significant difference between the case and control group before the hope intervention promotion [p=0.78]. Significant difference was found after promoting the hope intervention in the mean score of both groups [p<0.008]. Mean score of the case group increased by 4.32 after the intervention. Significant difference was found between the hope mean score in the case group, before and after the intervention [p< 0.000]. The hope promoting interventions were effective in increasing hope in cancer patients. So, for cancer patients, increasing the quality of life, giving educational services, and hope promoting programs are needed, which should b accomplished by suitable methods, for instance, PBL or by patients active participation in the programming process

[ efficacity of two procedures [lecturing and story telling] on knowledge and attitude of the third grade boy pupils in Shahrekord on accident prevention]

Accidents and injuries are complicated phenomena being interfered by many factors in their appearance. In recent years, extensive measures are fulfilled on assigning appropriate educational contents and applied educational methods for accident prevention and immuny promotion. In spite of its high prevalence, severe disability and high mortality result from accidents and injuries between all age groups, particularly pupils in elementary schools. So the role of education by using appropriate methods will be important in this regard. This study was accomplished with aim of considering the efficacy of education by two procedures [lecturing and story telling] on knowledge and attitude of the third grade boy pupils on accident prevention. In this quasi experimental study, 150 pupils were selected from 5 schools by simple random sampling. Then the pupils were interviewed before and after training [14 knowledge questions and 9 attitude questions]. Afterward, demographic variables such as parents job , parents literacy, birth place and number of children were extracted from their history records. Then the information was analyzed by T Test, independent sample test, Anova test, spearman correlation and descriptive statistical indexes. There was a significant relationship between the pupils knowledge and the literacy of their parents. Also there was a significant reversed relationship between their birth place and number of family members. The results showed that knowledge and attitude promotion with story telling procedure is more important than lecturing procedure. In this study it was demonstrated that using proper and efficient methods on health education for pupils such as story telling or other active educational methods is perfectly effective and it can promote the level of knowledge and attitude of the people