Effects of drinking a glass of water two hours before operation

This work was designed depending on the studies on gastric physiology which proved that, fluid load 80% of the stomach contents is cleared within the 1st hour. Drinking a glass of water [200 ml] 2 hours before operation was compared to overnight fasting in children scheduled for tonsillectomy. 60 patients, ASA I, of both genders, ages 5 to 15 years were classified into 2 equal groups. Groups were compared as regards pH and volume of gastric fluid, sense of thirsty, and anxiety through a prospective, randomized, single-blind study. There were no significant changes in pH and volume of gastric fluid between the 2 groups. There was highly significant decrease in the number of patients suffering from thirsty in the group received water [P <0.001]. The number of anxious patients and the degree of anxiety was less in patients who drank water, but the difference was statistically insignificant. Thus, it was recommended to give a glass of water 2 hours before operation to school age children going for elective surgery, as it does not affect gastric pH and volume and it makes the patient less thirsty and less anxious

comparative study on the effect of administration of fentanyl before [Thiopentone, ketamine and propofol] on the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation

The haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation was compared in 300 patients in whom anaesthesia was induced with either Thiopentone 4 mg/kg. Ketamine 2 mg/kg or Propofol 2.5 mg/kg. with and without Fentanyle 2 ug/kg. There was, after Propofol alone, a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure which did not increase above control values after intubation. Significant increases in arterial blood pressure followed intubation in patients induced with Thiopentone or Ketamine alone. Increase in heart rate occured with all agents after laryngoscopy. The use of Fentantle resulted in arterial pressure lower than those after the induction agent alone and in an attenuation, but not abolition of the response to laryngoscopy and intubation

comparative study on the effect of administration of fentanyl with [thiopentone or propofol on intra-ocular pressure changes during induction and intubation]

Intraocular pressure was measured durning induction of anaesthesia with propofol [n=40] or thiopentone [n=40]. The average induction dose were 2.15 and 4.83 mg Kg [-1] for propofol and thiopentone. Half the patients in each group received 100 ug Fentanyl with thiopentone and propofol. Both propofol and thiopentone produced a significant reduction in intraocular pressure which decreased further after administration of Fentanyl. Intraocular pressure prior to intubation was lower in the two propofol groups in comparison to the corresponding thiopentone groups. Intubation was associated with an increase in intraocular pressure but it still remained significant below the baseline values except in the group given thiopeentone only. Fentanyl given with the induction agents attenuate the increase in intraocular pressure associated with intnbation. Propofol was significantly more effective in this respect and this group showed the lowest intraocular pressure throughout the study period. However, administration of popofol resulted in a 30% incidence of pain on injection and a decrease in systolic arterial pressure of more than 30% in about half the patients [most of them in the group that received fentanyl with propofol]