Hematological studies in chickens infected with hydropericardium syndrome

The present research project was designed to determine the hematologiacal values in infected broiler flocks with hydropericardium syndrome from January to June, 2012 in order to adjoining areas of Hyderabad Sindh. A total of 72 containing population 96,500 broiler chicken were surveyed to observe for hematological variation during the study period. Only 30 [41.66%] flocks were found affected with Hydro pericardium syndrome. Out of these flocks, the incidence of syndrome was recorded as 5.4% during the month of January, 7.41% in February, 10.8% in March, 13% in April, 15.1 in May and 12.8% during the month of June. The hematological studies were conducted in infected broilers with hydropericardium syndrome and found increase in white blood cells [WBC] from 14.500 +/- 2.298 to 25.820 +/- 844.00 and concentration of erythrocytic sedimentation rate [ESR] from 2.340 +/- 0.89 to 3.458 +/- 0.291. Amongst leukocytic count, showed marked increase with neutrophils and relative decrease of lymphocytes from 69.360 +/- 0.152 to 55.480 +/- 2.132, monocytes 4.660 +/- 0.598 to 3.340 +/- 270, eosinophils 1.496 +/- 0.204 to 1.004 +/- 0.097 and basophils 0.878 +/- 0.55 to 0.734 +/- 0.067 in infected birds

Managing small intestinal obstruction: a Sheikh Zayed Hospital experience

Managing intestinal obstruction continuous to challenge surgeons all over the World. Between January 2001 to December, 2004, 54 patients with maw to female ratio of 1.8:1 and mean age of 51 presented with small bowel obstruction. They were divided in to two groups; group A and B. Group A comprised of 30 patients [55%] and were managed conservatively. Whereas group B had 24 patients [44%] who required surgery. Conservative management was observed for 12 to 36 hours and beyond this time patients were explored in the face of deterioration. In group a, 83% patients had history of previous surgery whereas 17% patients had no prior surgical intervention. In group B 38% patients had abdominal surgery in the past whereas 62% had no previous surgical intervention. Predominant symptoms of bowel obstruction were abdominal pain, [100%] constipation [60%] and vomiting [48%]. Common causes of obstruction were post-operative adhesions 38% [n=7] obstructed hernias 25% [n=6] ileoceacal tuberculosis 21% [n=3] intestinal ischemia 8% [n=2] and ceacal carcinoma 8% [n=2]. Two patients died to septicemia, subsequent to anastomotic leak. We conclude that adhesive bowel disease and obstructive external hernias are the commonest causes of small bowel obstruction. A good clinical acumen and repeated clinical examinations are necessary to avoid the stage of bowel gangrene while managing small intestinal obstruction

Bacterial conjunctivitis in Zahedan

The objective of this study was to determine the most common type of pathogen causing conjunctivitis. Out of 495 patients who referred to the Zahedan Eye Clinic from May 11,1991 to October 22,1992,296 cases were diagnosed as nonbacterial conjunctivitis. From the remaining number of cases, two patients had chlamydia and six patients had Candida albicans, while the frequency of bacterial infection was as follows: N. gonorrhoeae 7 patients, Hemophilus aegyptius in 11 patients, Moraxella lacunata in 6 patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 57 patients, E. coli in 5 patients, Staphylococcus aureus in 5 patients, Proteus mirabilis in 5 patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 8 patients, Gardnerella voginalis in 4 patients, and providencia species in one patient. Bacterial agents were isolated by Gram staining and culturing, In conclusion our results show that the most common cause of conjunctivitis is nonbacterial, but the most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis is S pneumoniae. Furthermore, our incidence of chlamydia and N. gonorrhoeae was also more than that in the literature

Special measures in appendicectomy to reduce the incidence of wound infection

A prospective study of appendicectomles using set protocols compares the incidence of wound infection with control group. Patients were divided into two groups of fifty each. The special measures consisted of use of polyurethane membrane [Opsite], protection of wound edges with sterile sponges by stitching them with peritoneum, minimal manipulation of abdominal viscera, use of poly-glactin for ligation and stitching, mopping of paracolic gutter and pelvis, washing of wound with 1-2 litres of normal saline, use of fresh drapes, gloves and instruments for wound closure, avoidance of drains and using perioperative antibiotics. The overall incidence of wound infection was 2% and 20% in trial and control groups respectively. [P difference <0.01]. The study shows that wound infection rises with increasing age, advanced stages of infection of the appendix and delay before appendicectomy. Postoperative use of antibiotics is justified only in high risk cases [Perforated, Gangrenous, localised abscess]. Intraperitoneal drains do not reduce the incidence of wound infection. Primary wound closure can be safely carried out even in high risk cases if aseptic surgical principles are followed