Isolation and identification of ichthiophonus hoferi from cultured fish

The Icthyophonosis is a dangerous disease, the consequences of which are difficult to assess for wild populations of fish. This study aimed to throw the light on the importance of I. hoferi on fresh water fish, it dangerious effect in addition to its identification of isolation, characterization and the most important symptoms showed on naturally infected Oreochromis niloticus with I. hoferi showing deformity of vertebral column, darkening in color, sand paper appearance of skin, poor appetite listlessness. The young culture of I. hoferi on SDA t 10% bovine serum showing rupture of multinucleated bodies and release of spores through extra material discharge after 9 days. At PH 3.5 showing starting of hyphal growth after shours post-culturing the lyphae produce many branches, extending of the hyphae to grow and increase in length after 24 hours, migration of cytoplasm to the apexes of hypae after 3 days, rounding up of the apics of the hyphae after 7 days, finally all the hyphae rounding up to form sphericael hyphae terminal bodies after 10 days. Rounding up of the apics of the hyphae after 7 days, finally all the hyphae rounding up to form sphericael hyphae terminal bodies after 10 days and in old culture showing chlamydospores formation around the multinucleated bodies and extend to the test of sticked hyphae at 3 weeks

Depression of phagocytosis in grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella following chemical stress

The phagocytic efficiency of macrophages of grass carp was determined in fish exposed to sublethal level of phenol [15 ppm] for two months. Phagocytosis activity was reduced significantly [P<0.01] in the treated fish compared to control. The phagocytic activity of exposed fish returned to normal after the fish was held in clean water for 30 days. This indicated that the decreased phagocytic activity was related to exposure to phenol but may be reversible

Studies on saprolegniasis among cultured mullet fingerlings

In this work, two mullet species, Mugil cephalus and Mugil capito fingerlings naturally infected with saprolegnia were examined and controlled. Saprolegnia parasitica was isolated from the characteristic brownish cotton wool like lesions covering the body surface and penetrating into some internal organs. The infection trials with isolated Saprolegnia parasitica in apparently healthy mullet spp. via skin scarification revealed the same clinical signs and postmortem lesions. For controlling this serious disease, proper management and treatment by bathing the diseased mullet fingerlings in sodium chloride solution were used

Pathologic studies on the sublethal effects of phenol on grass carp [ctenopharyngodon idella]

The pathological effect of long-term exposure to pure phenol was studied in grass carp. The highest level of phenol which could be tolerated by carp was 15 ppm. At this concentration, the associated clinical signs were nervous in their nature, began as excitation and ended by depression. The gross lesions were color changes of the skin, increased mucous secretion from gills and hyperemia of the viscera, especially of the brain. The histopathologic findings were degenerative and necrotic changes in gills, muscles, spleen, kidneys, liver, heart and brain which, by time, became less evident or absent. The clinical signs and lesions disappeared after the transfer of the affected fish to clean water

Studies on some serum enzymes of pregnant buffaloes and their foeti

Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase [ALP], acid phosphatase [ACP], asparatate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] were measured in buffalo foeti and their mothers during the different stages of pregnancy as well as in nonpregnant animals. Serum ALP increased in foeti with intrauterine development while AST and ALT fluctuated through foetal development. A significant increase was observed in ALP in the sera of pregnant buffaloes as pregnancy progressed [P< 0.01]. ALT and AST showed non-significant change in serum of pregnant animals while ACP showed non-significant change in both maternal and foetal sera. Maternal serum levels of ASTand ALT in the second and third trimesters were higher than their respective total levels. Pregnant serum levels of ALP and ALT were higher than their respective non-pregnant levels

Infection of Nile tilapia, [oreochromis niloticus] by a freshwater ciliate, trichodina heterodentata [Duncan, 1977] in Egypt and its treatment

An outbreak of Trichodinosis among freshwater, cultured Nile tilapia [Oreochromis niloticus] is described. Heavily infected fish showed severe respiratory manifestations typified by swimming near the surface of the water wit opened mouth and increased operculm movements, hyperrritability, heavy mucus secretion and discoloration. The morphological characters of the detected ciliate was proved to be Trichodina heterodentata. 100% of T. heterodentata were killd by immersing the infected fish for 10 min in 25 mgl[-1] sodium chloride, 0.001 mgl[-1] acetic acid solution or 0.005 mgl[-1] formalin. Other chemicals were also tested for their therapeutic properties against T. heterodentata

Pathogenesis of edwardsiella ictaluri in African labyrinth catfish [clarius lazera]

African labyrinth catfish [Clarias lazera] were experimentally infected by intramuscular injection with 3.8 x 10[7] viable Edwardsiella ictaluri cells. Sampling infected fish at different time [24, 48, 96h, 1 and 2 weeks] allowed us to follow the progress of infection. Infected fish clearly demonstrated acute septicemia by the time it became chronic in nature with a low mortality rate [8%]. There were significant reducations in erythrocyte, leucocyte numbers and hemoglobin concentration. The spleen and kidney were necrotic with an increase in inflammatory cells. Severe cellular vacuolation and degeneration with marked endocarditis were observed in the heart. Typical chronic infectious granulomata developed 2 weeks post-infection at the injection site and associated with the organs