Synthesis and physico-chemical studies of some polymers for removing of some heavy metal ions of industrial wastewater

The chemical contaminations of wide range of toxic derivatives in water, in particular heavy metal ions and dyes is a serious environmental problem owing to their potential human toxicity. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies that can remove toxic pollutants from the wastewater. Adsorption is one of choices used for treating industrial effluents and a useful tool for protecting the environment. In particular, adsorption on synthetic, natural polymers and their derivatives is known to remove pollutants from water. The importance of the synthetic polymers has increased due to their high selectively, stability at elevated temperature and sensitivity to the high concentration of ions. One of the major applications of epoxy and its many derivatives is based on its ability to bind strongly heavy and toxic metal ions. This study will focus on the synthesis of two types of polymers, the first one was carried by suspension polymerization of epoxy resin, methyl methacrylate [MMA] and divinyl benzene [DVB] mixtures which have been modified though epoxy functions in two steps: [i] by treating with polyamine and [ii] by subsequent reaction with potassium chloroacetate. The second type which is a new low cost adsorbent was prepared by modified polysaccharides for example resin was polymerized epoxy resin and cross linked starch mixtures in two steps; [i] by treating with polyamine and [ii] by subsequent reaction with potassium mono chloroacetate, that to increase the efficient sorbet for removal of Cu[II] and Ni[II] ions

Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of dequalinium chloride and clidinium bromide using ion-pair complex formation with acid dyes

Dequlinium chloride is abisquaternary antiseptic, bactericidal against many gram-positive and gram negative bacteria, and effective against fungi. Clidinium bromide is a quatemary ammonium antimuscarinic with peripheral effects similar to those of atropine. It is used alone or with chlorodiazepoxide in pharmaceutical formulations for the symptomatic treatment of pepticulcer disease and other gastrointestinal disorders [1]. Spectrophotometric methods[2-11] have been reported for estimation of the two drugs in pure forms and in biological fluids. This paper describes the applicability of ion pair complexation reactions for spectra determination of [Deq] and [Clid] in pharmaceutical forms. The method involves the formation of ion-pair complexes between dequalinium chloride [Deq] and clidinium bromide [Clid] with BPB, BCG and BTB reagents. This method is applied successfully for the determination of [Deq] and [Clid] either in pure and in dosage forms, with good accuracy and precision. The results were compared with those given by the official method [12] where 1.2 gm of [Clid], accurately weighed, in 80 ml glacial acetic acid was added to 15 ml mercuric acetate and titrated with 0.1 M perchloric acid in dioxane. Each 1.0 ml of 0.1 M perchloric acid is equivalent to 43.24 mg of drug

Study of factors affecting left ventricular function and their relation to volume overload in haemodialysis patients

Technological innovations in haemodialysis [HD] have improved its quality and safety but cardiovascular morbidity and mortality still poses a great risk. Proper fluid removal is a critical component of HD, as both under and over hydration are associated with deleterious consequences. However, there is no single accurate measure for adequacy of dialytic fluid removal and assessment of dry weight is largely empirical. This may rely on clinical assessment, biochemical markers as natriuretic peptides, dilution methods, measurement of inferior vena cava diameter [IVCD], blood volume monitoring and bioimpedance analysis [BIA]. Plasma BNP was recently reported to be a sensitive marker both for volume overload and ventricular hypertrophy and/or dysfunction. We aimed to study some pathogenetic factors and diagnostic parameters of left ventricular hypertrophy and/or dysfunction in end- stage renal disease [ESRD] patients on maintenance HD. Emphasis was made on the utility of echocardiographic and BIA measurements in monitoring the development and assessment of volume overload during the inter- dialytic interval. Two groups of subjects were studied: 50 patients with ESRD on maintenance HD for >/= 6 months, and 15 age and sex matching controls. Patients were subjected to full clinical assessment, ECG, predialysis measurement of serum fasting blood sugar, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, lipid profile, uric acid, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit value. Dialysis dose was assessed by urea reduction ratio and Kt/V. Plasma BNP, echocardiographic studies [for presence and geometric pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction and measurement of IVCD and right atrial pressure] and BIA were all done on two occasions 3 days apart: after termination of the end- of- the week HD session and before the start of the first session in the next week. Controls were subjected to assessment of clinical state, plasma BNP, and BIA. Both post- and pre- dialysis plasma BNP levels in patients were significantly higher when compared with the single plasma BNP reading in controls. Extracellular water [ECW] and its percent to total body water [ECW%] were higher in patients [both post- and pre- dialysis] compared to controls. The differences were statistically significant, except for post- dialysis ECW. The pre- dialysis values of mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, stroke volume, cardiac output, E/A ratio, Right atrial pressure, IVCD, ECW and ECW% were all significantly higher compared with the post- dialysis values. Left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH] was found in 47 [94%] patients, concentric LVH being the most frequent pattern [in 60%]. Pre- dialysis left ventricular mass index [LVMI] showed a statistically significant positive correlation with serum phosphorus, calcium phosphorus product, and plasma BNP. Pre- dialysis plasma BNP had a statistically significant negative correlation with pre- dialysis ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Volume overload plays a key role in the pathogenesis of LV hypertrophy and/or dysfunction in HD patients. BIA and IVCD are useful adjunctive measures for assessment of hydration status, keeping their limitations in mind. Plasma BNP concentrations have limited potential for the assessment of hydration status in HD patients, but it may be useful to have a baseline measure when the patient is at dry weight. Whether BNP can be used as a bedside test in the dialysis unit to measure adequacy of volume removal remains to be determined

Studies of the complexes of Co2 +, Cu2+ and Zn2+ with oximes and Schiff's base derivatives of N-Furoylphenylhydroxylamine

The nature of the bond between the ligand and metal ion, the composition and also stability constants of the title chelates using IR, 1H-NMR, UV-visible-spectra, conductometric and potentiometric titrations were studied

Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy: a prospective study

The aim of this prospective study was to compare the results of laparoscopic [LA] and open appendicectomy [OA] in patients with signs and symptoms suggesting acute appendicitis who were seen by one surgical team. The study included a total of 149 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis; 71 [28 men and 43 women with a mean age of 27 years] underwent LA and 78 [55 men and 23 women with a mean age of 21 years] had an OA. LA had a longer median operating time [63 minutes versus 40 minutes]. The hospital stays were significantly short in LA [2.06 days versus 4.03 days]. LA also reported a less postoperative wound sepsis rate. The return to the normal activity was earlier in LA [median 9.0 days versus 16.2 days]. The degree of appendiceal inflammation and the doses of analgesics were similar in both groups. In six patients, the procedure was converted to OA. LA can significantly reduce the hospital stay and decrease the wound infection rate with a quicker return to normal activities

Studies on the Co [II], Ni [II], Cu [II], Zn [II] and Fe [III] chelates with some derivatives of 2-hydroxyphenylazo-B-naphthol

The coordination of transition metal ions to chelating azodyes have been investigated by many authors [1-8]. The object of the present investigation is to study the stoichiometry and structure of the complexes formed between Co[2+], Ni[2+] Cu[2+], Zn[2+] and Fe[3+] and some derivatives of 2- hydroxyphenylazo-B-naphthol. The complexes are characterized by conductometric and potentiometric titrations, elemental, analyses, TGIR, 1HNMR, electronic and ESR spectra

formation of binuclear complexes with multidentate ligands 1 the Co [II], Ni [II] and Cu [II] complexes with 2-carboxyphenylazosalicylaldehyde

The formation of complexes of Co [II], Ni [II] and Cu [II] with o-carboxyphenylazosalicylaldehyde are studied by potential-metric and conductometric titrations. The stoichiometry of complexes are also studied by spectrophotometry. The proton-reagent stability constant and conditional formation constant are determined. DTA and ir spectra are also used to study the binuclear complexes formed. The results show that the ligand in the case of the binuclear metal chelates functions as a dibasic tetradentate group