Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a microbial control agent against adult and immature stages of the sandfly, phlebotomus papatasi under laboratory conditions

The laboratory treatment of adult and immature stages of Phlebotomus papatasi by the bacterial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis was carried out. Different concentrations of Bti mixed with fructose and glucose were assayed against the adult sandfly, while the immature stages were treated by offering larval diet contaminated by Bti in different concentrations diluted by distilled water. Bti could induce mortality to half of the larval and pupal population at 0.26 x 10-5 g/L. The median lethal doses of adults, which were fed on contaminated surgery diet with serial dilutions of Bti, were 1.3 x 10-2 g/L with fructose and 3 x 10-2 g/L with glucose after 47 and 72 hours. The longevity period of larvae and pupae fed on contaminated larval diet showed negative correlation with bacterial concentrations, except for high concentrations. The bacterial control of the sandfly Ph. Papatasi could be recommended, particularly as adulticide agents

Leishmania infection sought in rodents in north Sinai, Egypt

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis [ZCL] is endemic in certain foci in North Sinai. In the present study, eight species of commensal and wild rodents were trapped from seven areas. Suggestive ZCL lesions were seen on R. rattus, R. norvegicus, G. pyramidum, G. andersoni, G. gerbillus and Meriones sacramenti. Positive Giemsa stained smears were identified in G. pyramidum. The results were discussed. It was concluded that the ZCL transmission cycle is identified regarding the three factors; animal reservoirs, sand fly vector and man

significance of osteo-medullography in tibial shaft fractures

This study inculdes 46 patients with fractures of the tibia. 22 patients had delayed union; osteomdullography was performed for these 22 patients. Osteomedullography was considered positive in 8 cases where venous circulation was demonstrated across the fractur site and were treated conservatively. Union occurred within 3 months. 14 cases showed negative signs as there was no venous circulation across the fracture site and trested by bone grafting