Vesico-intestinal fistula complicating bowel diseases

Vesico-intestinal fistula is a serious complication of malignant and inflammatory intestinal diseases, and needs serious consideration as well. Eight patients with vesico-intestinal fistulas are presented. Three were due to malignant tumors and five were caused by inflammatory bowel diseases. Involvement of the ureter was observed in two cases, one with regional ileitis and the other with carcinoma of the cecum. The key symptoms of pneumaturia and fecaluria were present in all patients, but one. The principles of management and post- treatment consequences were outlined and discussed

Some chemical and biological effects of cigarettes and Hubbell bubble smoking

The study was performed on 50 adult male cigarette and hubble smokers. The aim was to study and compare the cigarette and hubble bubble smoke on some chemical and biological functions of the smoke component. Plasma epinephrine, glucose, lactate/pyruvate ratio, growth hormone, free fatty acids, and cortisol were significantly higher in smokers than non smokers especially cigarette smokers. Plasma insulin concentration showed a significantly delayed response to the increased blood glucose. Plasma proteins, urea, pyruvate, creatinine and vitamin B12 were significantly reduced inn smokers than non smokers especially cigarette smokers. Both blood erythrocytes and leucocytes were increased significantly in smokers. Blood gases showed significantly low PaO2, significant blood level of Co fraction, while PaCO2 was unaffected. Urinary catecholamines were significantly higher in smokers especially in cigarette smokers