ABSTRACT
Traffic accidents are a major cause of disability and mortality around the world and a major public health problem in developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to assess the burden of road traffic accidents in Isfahan, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan in 2010. Data were collected from death registration system to calculate years of life lost [YLL] due to traffic accidents. To determine the rate of years lived with disability, hospital records of all people injured in road accidents were used. The methodology of the World Health Organization were used to estimate DALY [Disability adjusted life year], YLD, and YLL. During 2010, the rate of DALY was 23.36 per thousand of which 3.99 per thousand was related to YLL and 19.37 per thousand was related to YLD. DALY rates in males and females were respectively 37.43 per thousand and 8.60 per thousand. Maximum rates of YLL and YDL were in the young age group [15-44]. The highest rate of DALY was in summer [6.73 per thousand] and the lowest was in winter [4.29 per thousand]. The results of this study showed that accident-related deaths and injuries are mostly in middle-aged men. Since those are the active group of society, traffic accidents can be considered as an economic burden on society. Therefore, appropriate intervention programs and periodic evaluation are required to minimize traffic accidents
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disability Evaluation , DeathABSTRACT
Prevention and treatment of youths` mental disorders are important, not just for to diminish their present problems but to improve their functions in adulthood. This study was performed to evaluate the mental health status of 6-18 years old youths in a community-based sample using the strength and difficulties questionnaire [SDQ]. Parent of 2000 youths [6-18 years old] were selected from 250 clusters from different municipality areas of Isfahan, Iran and they responded to extended version of SDQ parent`s form. The mean score in each subscale and prevalence of symptom and relation with some demographic features were determined. The total score of SDQ was 26%, means that 26% of youth had psychiatric problems. By determining the sub-scale score, it reveals that conduct disorder [34.7%] was the most common problem in youth followed by peer relationship problems [25.4%], emotional problems [24.5%], hyperactivity [23%] and impairment of prosocial behavior [5.7%]. Our findings showed that mental health of youth population in Isfahan especially the conduct problem needs more attention
ABSTRACT
Working under hot climatic conditions, especially in summer, has a high potential for inducing heat strain in workers. The wet-bulb globe temperature [WBGT] index has an inherent limitation to estimate the heat strain due to not taking into account the non-environmental factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined application of WBGT index and a physiological strain index [PSI[HR]] based on heart rate in the estimation of the heat strain under hot climatic conditions. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 men in the center and south of Iran [51 and 71 workers from Isfahan steel company and Assaluyeh national petrochemical company, respectively] between July and September 2010. The WBGT index, heart rate and the auditory canal temperature were measured at rest and during the work. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results of the logistic regression analysis revealed that the WBGT index is a poor predictor for heat strain with a sensitivity and specificity of 53% and 65%, respectively. However, the combined application of the WBGT and PSI[HR] indexes was a better predictor for heat strain and its sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 69%, respectively. A combined application of the WBGT and PSI[HR] indexes can be a valid estimator of heat strain for hot climatic conditions in the center and south of Iran
ABSTRACT
The Disability-Adjusted Life Year [DALY] was developed by the World Health Organization [WHO] to measure, compare, and analyze the burden of various diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the burden of cesarean section [CS] and normal delivery [ND] in Isfahan during 2008 year by employing DALY. Burden of CS and ND was estimated based on information provided by hospitals located in Isfahan. The incidence of complications of both vaginal delivery and cesarean section at the time of delivery and 2, 4, 6 weeks after calculated by using hospitals files. Dismod II and STAT.10 software were used to calculate YLD, YLL and DALY of delivery and their complications. DALYs for cesarean and vaginal deliveries were estimated to be 20.70 years per 1000 deliveries and 8.89 years per 1000 with their complications, respectively. DALY from cesarean section was 23.404 years per 1000 deliveries in private hospitals and 15.67 years per 1000 deliveries for governmental hospitals. DALY from vaginal delivery was 8.98 in private hospitals and 8.137 years in governmental hospitals per 1000 deliveries. This study showed a considerable burden for cesarean section particularly in private hospitals. This important finding should be considered by health policy makers in Iran
ABSTRACT
This randomized double-blind, placebo controlled study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of gabapentin in the treatment of opiate withdrawal symptoms. This was a 3-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial and performed in specialized addiction behavior unit, an outpatient unit for the treatment of patients with addiction in Isfahan. The study included forty patients, 37 males and 3 females, between 21-61 years of age who met DSM-IV criteria for opium dependence. The subjects were randomly assigned into 2 groups. The experimental group received MAD [methadone-assisted detoxification] and gabapentin 900 mg/day. Severity of different withdrawal symptoms was measured by using subjective opiate withdrawal scale [SWOS] in six steps. Despite superiority of gabapentin to placebo in controlling some of withdrawal symptoms no significant difference was noticed between the two groups. Addition of 900 mg/day of gabapentin to MAD treatment regimen is not significantly superior to placebo in controlling opium withdrawal symptoms