ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine the role of human risk factors in the severity of road traffic accidents on urban and rural roads. All data from road traffic-injured subjects [census, 592168] which were registered by the Fava system [COM forms] were investigated. Human risk factors due to road traffic injuries and the Odds ratio were calculated using an ordinal regression model and adjusted to probable confounding risk factors such as age, gender and lighting system in urban and rural roads. The mean age of the subjects was 34.1 +/- 14.0 years. Among human risk factors, the highest percentage [69.9%] was allocated to the disregard of rules and legislation. The Odds ratio of an accident being fatal or non-fatal in inner city roads to alcohol users was 6.5 times more than for those who did not have this risk factor [OR: 6.5, CI: 4.88-8.65]. In outer city roads it was also the highest among other ratios [OR: 1.73, CI 1.22-3.29]. In spite of the fact that alcohol had the highest effect on the severity of road traffic injuries, but acknowledging the low prevalence of this factor and its outcome on lower attributable risks when compared to other factors, it is a better prevention program to focus on those factors which are more prevalent, such as the disregard of rules and legislation and speed.
ABSTRACT
Using Geographical Information System [GIS] can decreases the burden of road traffic injuries effectively by identification of hot spot to modification in hazardous areas. The aim of the study was determining geographical distribution of human risk factors associated with road traffic injuries by using Geographical Information System [GIS] in Iran. The national database of road traffic injuries registered by the Iranian traffic Police [Rahvar NAJA] was used. The human risk factors were investigated by recognition of the hazardous points and geographical distribution of associated risk factors. The Hot Spot Analysis and Map clustering approaches were employed to meet the objectives. The mean age of injured subjects was 34 years and the most affected age group was 20-39 years. Death and injury occurrence within out of cities ways were 0.3% and 28% respectively. Geographical distribution of risk factors also showed that roads of Northern provinces i.e. [Gilaan and Mazandaran] were the hazardous rising as well as Qazvin to Rasht and Qom to Tehran roads. Sistan and Balochestan Provinces and Tehran had the highest [4.8%] and the lowest [0.1%] rates of road traffic injuries leading to death in the country. Northern provinces and its leading axes by hazardous rising and Sistan and Balochestan province with fatal injuries need to identify the cause of injuries' and, if necessary, more tighten regulations and more controls by the traffic police must be applied.