External human exposure and management immune system in pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome

External exposed radiation may play an important role in pathogens of irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], although is thought to arise due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The result is dysregulated immune responses due to alteration in the gut microbiota population and the subsequent development of gut inflammation. It has recently been shown that the effect of ionizing radiation on T-cell lymphocytes might be a risk factor of IBS. This article tries to discuss the effects of low dose radiation on alternation in the population of beneficial members of the gastrointestinal tract flora. The result may be activated inflammatory response of mucosal immune status induced Toll like receptors. Lipopolysaccharides produced by most gram-negative bacteria of gastrointestinal tract play a role in the initiation and progress of the Toll like receptors in the intestines. Circulating cytokines and soluble receptors released by activated Th2 can regulate neuronal function via endocrine mechanisms. Disturbance of the cytokine-mediated interaction between cells may lead to neuronal dysfunction or sensory dysfunction, motor dysfunction, or both sensory and motor dysfunction in patient with IBS

Multisectoral development for improved health outcomes: evaluation of community-based initiatives in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Community-based initiatives [CBI] are based on integrated multisectoral socioeconomic development with community participation and intersectoral support to improve the health and quality of life of the people. During 2005-06 the World Health Organization supported an evaluation of CBI in the Islamic Republic of Iran by collecting information from intervention villages on social capital and other indicators, with validation of the findings. The data showed some positive changes in the intervention areas compared with control villages. The evaluation suggests that the CBI approach is a useful tool for improving health and social indicators and providing mechanisms for community-based participation and intersectoral collaboration for health and development at the local level

new role for Women Health Volunteers in urban Islamic Republic of Iran

An action research project was carried out by a team from the National Public Health Management Centre in Tabriz, Iran to test the following hypothesis: Health Volunteers are more able to support health improvements by focusing on community participation and empowerment through facilitating communities to define and solve their own problems than by only providing information on health problems. Training on participatory approaches was given to Women Health Volunteers [WHV] in a pilot area. The results gave evidence that local people could identify and act upon their own health needs and request more information from professionals to improve their own health. Further research is needed however to assess how the pilot can be scaled up and how initial enthusiasm can be sustained

Effect of ionizing radiation on development process of T-cell population lymphocytes in Chernobyl children

The aim of preliminary study was determined development process status of T-cell population lymphocytes in Ukrainian children after 22 years from Chernobyl accident for next feasibility study. 150 participants aged 6 to 16 years are included in three groups: Group I [n=65], 30 to 60 km from center accident at zone 3th, Group II [n=65] 60 to 90 km from same location at zone 4[th] and control group [n=20] from Kiev, 100 km from same location. Peripheral blood leukocytes from buffy coats were analyzed for T-lymphocytes population such as T-lymphocytes [CD3], T-helper [CD4] and T-cytotoxic [CD8] by roseting method using erythrocytes that conjugated with monoclonal antibody against CD3, CD4, and CD8 receptors; then CD4/CD8 ratio were calculated. Percentage of CD3 and CD4 in groups II and I decreased significantly in compared to control group at P<0.001. Percent of CD8 decreased significantly in group I compared to control group at P <0.001. CD4/ CD8 ratio decreased significantly in-group I comparison to control group at P=0.02. Leucocytes count in groups II and I have not changed significantly in comparison to control group [P=0.09,P=0.4] but in group II, it was significantly different in comparison to group I at P <0.008. Our data show that after 2 decade of Chernobyl accident, ionizing radiation may have affected the developmental processes of T-cell population

Basic development needs approach in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: from theory to practice

Poverty and health are mutually reinforcing and deprivation in one area produces negative effects in the other. Unfortunately at the beginning of the 21st century, the number of people living in absolute poverty continues to rise with grim health consequences. Many studies have clearly established that health is related to and influenced by a complex of environmental, social and economic factors ultimately related to each other. Therefore, actions undertaken outside of the health sector are likely to have effects much greater than those obtained through the health sector alone. Thus, the countries of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region have adopted basic development needs to address all the determinants of health collectively through community empowerment in order to transform social lifestyles and enhance human development. This article presents the contribution made by basic development needs in empowering local communities and vulnerable groups to acquire their essential needs through the efficient use of available resources. The assessment surveys of the ongoing programme conducted periodically in different countries have demonstrated significant reduction in poverty levels and improvement in quality of life indices pertaining to a wide range of fields, including health, nutrition and other social sectors