ABSTRACT
Introduction: Learning Approaches are among effective factors in students' learning that play an important role in educational performance and achievement. Understanding how students' learning approaches change over time is important since one of the main purposes of higher education is to enable students to develop advanced learning as they progress through their studies. The aim of this study was to determine learning approaches of nursing and midwifery students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2012-13
Method: This was a descriptive-analytic study conducted in a cross-sectional method in 2012-13. Learning approaches of nursing and midwifery students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences were evaluated by means of revised two factor version of the Study Process Questionnaire. We used census for data collection, then the data entered into SPSS ver. 18 and analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics
Results: Students use deep learning approach more than surface learning approach; however, Kruskal-Wallis test didn't show a significant differences in surface and deep learning approaches of students in different courses [P=0.165, P=0.449] and years of study [P=0.357, P=0.768]. Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in surface learning of deferent genders [P<0.001]
Conclusion: Majority of students uses deep approach; however in higher years of education, there was no change in the students' approaches. In higher education there was a great emphasize on developing deep learning. Therefore a deep assessment is required to be conducted on educational programmers and faculty members
ABSTRACT
Sudden cardiac death is common in patients on hemodialysis and may occur in the immediate postdialysis period when ventricular premature complexes are common. QT dispersion, reflecting hetovogelity in ventricle repolarization, has been used for predicting patients with risk of malignant arrhythmia and sudden death. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of hemodialysis on QT dispersion [QTd], corrected QT dispersion [QTcd] and maximum QTc [QTcMax] in chronic hemodialysis patients. In this descriptive-analytic study, data of 48 patients [30 male and 18 female patients with mean age, 43 +/- 16 yr] on chronic hemodialysis were studied. 12 lead ECG were recorded 5-10 minutes before and after hemodialysis in a standard setting and Na +, K+, Ca+ +, Po4 and Mg++ levels were also determined pre and post hemodialysis. During hemodialysis, no drug therapy was used except isotonic and hypertonic NaCl influsions and sodium heparin. The maintenance drug therapy including digitalis, antihypertensive, antianginal, and beta blocking agents was not changed. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The maximal QTd interval changed significantly from 434 +/- 12.8 ms to 443 +/- 21.33 ms [P<0.001]. The QTd increased significantly from 55.87 +/- 7.5 ms to 61.27 +/- 9.09 ms [P<0.001] and QTcd from 61.18 +/- 7.43ms to 68.79 +/- 10.32ms [P<0.001]. 33.33% of the patients before and 47.90% after hemodialysis had QTcMax more than 440 ms. Hemodialysis increases the QTd, QTcd and QTcMax in patients with end-stage renal failure. Thus it is likely that heterogeneity of regional ventricular repolarization increases during hemodialysis