ABSTRACT
The endangered bocachico Prochilodus magdalenae is a native freshwater fish of Colombia, the most captured species locally and one of the most important species for ex-situ conservation (germplasm banks). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of three concentrations of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (5%, 10%, 15%) and three of glucose (305, 333, 361 mM) in the extender on spermatic DNA fragmentation (F-DNA) (by Halomax®, Chromatin dispersion) and membrane damage (D-Me) (by eosin-nigrosin staining). After assessment of sperm quality by computer analysis of motility, one part of semen from males was diluted separately with three parts of extender and filled into 0.5 ml straws. Freezing was carried out in liquid nitrogen vapor dry shipper for 30 minutes and thawed at 60ºC for 8 seconds in a water bath and evaluated for the percentage of cells found with F-DNA and D-Me. The results demonstrated that cryopreservation causes greater F-DNA (13.62 ± 1.6% to 28.91 ± 3.25) and D-Me (24.27 ± 1.1% to 58.33 ± 2.81%) when compared with pre-freezing semen (PFS) (6.71 ± 1.54% and 2.34 ± 0.5%, respectively for F-DNA and D-Me). A significant interaction was found between DMSO and glucose concentration in this experiment. Use of extender: 10% DMSO + 305 mM glucose + 12% chicken egg yolk and, 10% DMSO + 333 mM glucose + 12% chicken egg yolk, allow for lower F-DNA and D-Me during cryopreservation of bocachico semen. A high correlation between F-DNA and D-Me was found (r = 0.771).
O curimba Prochilodus magdalenae, é uma espécie nativa de água doce da Colômbia ameaçada de extinção, sendo a mais capturada localmente e uma das mais importantes para a conservação ex-situ (bancos de germoplasma). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de três concentrações de dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) (5%, 10%, 15%) e três de glicose (305, 333, 361 mM) no diluente sobre a fragmentação do ADN espermático (F-DNA) (através de Halomax®, dispersão da cromatina) e danos em membrana (D-Me) (através da coloração eosina-nigrosina). Depois de avaliar a qualidade espermática por análise computacional da mobilidade, uma parte do sêmen dos machos foi diluída separadamente com três partes do diluente e colocado dentro de canudos de 0.5 ml. O congelamento foi feito em tanque de vapores secos de nitrogênio líquido por 30 minutos e descongelado a 60ºC por 8 segundos em banho de água e avaliada a percentagem de células com F-DNA e D-Me. Os resultados demonstraram que a criopreservação causa grande F-DNA (13.62 ± 1.6% até 28.91 ± 3.25) e D-Me (24.27 ± 1.1% até 58.33 ± 2.81%) quando comparada com o sêmen pré-congelamento (PFS) (6.71 ± 1.54% e 2.34 ± 0.5%, respectivamente para F-DNA e D-Me). Uma interação significativa foi encontrada entre a concentração de DMSO e glicose neste experimento. O uso dos diluentes 10% DMSO + 305 mM glicose + 12% gema de ovo de galinha e 10% DMSO + 333 mM glicose + 12% gema de ovo de galinha permitem obter a menor F-DNA e D-Me durante a criopreservação do sêmen de curimba. Uma alta correlação entre F-DNA e D-Me foi encontrada (r = 0.771).
Subject(s)
Animals , Characiformes/growth & development , Endangered Species/trends , DNA Fragmentation , Membranes , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Characiformes/injuries , SemenABSTRACT
La crioconservación de semen de peces, como de otras especies, presenta aún efectos que disminuyen la calidad espermática y comprometen directamente la capacidad de la célula para participar exitosamente en los procesos de fertilización y desarrollo embrionario. Características como movilidad y capacidad de fertilización del espermatozoide son consideradas criterios de calidad que permiten medir el éxito o fracaso del proceso, pues se consideran variables integradoras, siendo indicadores que dependen no de un solo factor sino de la estabilidad y bienestar del conjunto de estructuras, enzimas y compuestos funcionales subcelulares que dan lugar a estas características espermáticas. Daños en la membrana (adenilato ciclasa, canales iónicos, agrupamiento de otras proteínas, entre otras) y su implicación en la ruta de señalización que da lugar a la activación espermática, degradación del ATP, fragmentación del ADN nuclear y mitocondrial (genoma), degradación de enzimas Kinasas y otras proteínas citosólicas (proteoma) son considerados hoy día como algunos de los factores moleculares que más se afectan durante la crioconservación y que disminuyen ostensiblemente la capacidad fertilizante y la movilidad del espermatozoide en los peces. Propuestas sobre los mecanismos moleculares por los cuales se interrelacionan y actúan estos factores subcelulares como consecuencia de la crioconservación, son algunos de los temas tratados en la presente revisión. Comprender los principios y factores que están involucrados en el origen de dichos daños, permitirá mejorar los procesos de crioconservación, haciéndolos menos nocivos y más eficientes.
The cryopreservation of semen in fish, as in many species even shows effects that decrease sperm quality and directly engage cell ability to successfully participate in the processes of fertilization and embryonic development. The characteristics such as mobility and fertilizing capacity of fertilization of sperm are considered to be quality criteria that allow to measure the success or failure of the process, since they are considered integrative variables, being indicators that depend not on a single factor, but on the stability and welfare of all structures, enzymes and subcellular functional compounds that give place to these spermatic characteristics. Membrane damage (adenylate cyclase, ion channels, grouping of other proteins, among others) and their implication in the route of signaling pathway leading to spermatic activation, ATP degradation and fragmentation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (genome), degradation of kinase enzymes and other cytosolic proteins (proteome) are considered today, as some of the molecular factors that most affect during cryopreservation and markedly decreasing the fertilizing capacity and mobility of sperm in fish. Proposals on the molecular mechanisms, by which these subcellular factors interact and act as consequence of cryopreservation are some of the topics covered in this review. Understanding the principles and factors that are involved in the origin of such damages, will allow to improved cryopreservation processes, making them less harmful and more efficient.