[Emphysematous cystitis and pyelonephritis: an exceptional association]

Emphysematous cystitis and pyelonephritis is a rare infectious disease of the urinary tract. Its reputedly-serious prognosis is related to treatment failures revealing ignorance concerning its pathophysiological mechanisms. One case of this disease was seen in our department, a diabetic woman over the age of 78 years with a history of hypertension. She presented to the emergency department with hematuria, pain in her lower abdomen and alteration of the general state. The urine culture isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae. The treatment consisted of bladder drainage associated with adapted antibiotic therapy and diabetes control. The prognosis of this disease depends on early diagnosis and prompt effective treatment