ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of habitual exercise and candidate gene polymorphisms related to bone on osteo sono-assessment index (OSI) by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in middle-aged and elderly Japanese. Participants were classified into exercise group (E; n=172, 62.3 ± 7.7 yr) and sedentary group (S; n=65, 58.6 ± 9.2 yr). The OSI was measured with AOS-100. DNA was extracted from blood, and single nucleotide polymorphism in vitamin D receptor, estrogen receptor α, and transforming growth factor-βI were genotyped by TaqMan assay. Group E had significantly lower body weight and body mass index (BMI) than Group S. In men, although Group E was older than Group S, Group E had significantly higher OSI rather than Group S. There was no significant interaction between habitual exercise and each gene polymorphism on OSI. These results essentially remained unchanged even when analysis of covariance was applied after adjustment for age, body weight, and BMI. These results suggest habitual exercise and genetic factors have no interaction on OSI in middle-aged and elderly Japanese. Further investigations are needed to prove the interaction of other gene polymorphisms and exercise.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the loss of visceral fat during weight loss program with diet only or diet plus exercise in premenopausal obese women (age 44±6 yr) . One hundred seventeen women (body mass index 29±3 kg /m<SUP>2</SUP>) were divided into diet only group (DO, n=40) and diet plus exercise group (DE, n=77) . DE was further divided into two groups: a group with a small change in VO<SUB>2</SUB>max (DE<SUB>1</SUB>, n=26) and a group with a large change in VO<SUB>2</SUB>max (DE<SUB>2</SUB>, n=51) . Height, weight, fat mass, %fat, fat-free mass (FFM), abdominal total fat area (TFA), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and VO<SUB>2</SUB>max (ml/kg FFM/min) were measured before and after weight loss. The changes of weight, fat mass, %fat were significantly larger in DE than in DO. No difference was found in the changes of weight, fat mass, %fat between the DE<SUB>1</SUB> and DE<SUB>2</SUB>. Percentage of change in VFA was significantly larger in DE<SUB>2</SUB> (41±15%) than in DE<SUB>1</SUB> (31±16%) . These data suggest that both weight-loss programs (DO and DE) contribute to a remarkable decrease in visceral fat. Addition of exercise training, which would induce an improvement in VO<SUB>2</SUB>max, to dietary restriction, may elicit a greater effect on visceral fat.