ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Dental caries is a non-communicable disease and is considered a public health problem. For diagnosis and correct treatment, the study of risk assessment and caries activity is necessary. The caries risk assessment is a way to formalize the balance and imbalance of predictably disease to diagnose dental caries. Therefore, the caries risk assessment is performed through different evaluation systems. Another parameter of great importance to be studied is the activity of caries, because through it is done the correct treatment decision for the patient. The objective of this article is to inform the reader about: the concepts and caries risk factors; the different caries risk assessment systems described in the literature; and which systems are validated. In addition, this literature review provides for identification and evaluation of risk factors and activity of caries lesions in order to enable greater objectivity in the diagnosis and facilitate the decisions of a successful treatment.
RESUMO A cárie dentária é uma doença não infecciosa e é considerada um problema de saúde pública. Para seu diagnóstico e correto tratamento é necessário a avaliação do risco e da atividade da doença cárie. A avaliação do risco de cárie é uma maneira de formalizar o equilíbrio e desequilíbrio da doença de modo previsível para realizar o diagnóstico da doença presente. Para tanto, a avaliação do risco de cárie é realizada através de diferentes sistemas. Outro parâmetro de grande importância a ser estudado é a atividade da doença cárie, pois através dela é realizada a correta decisão de tratamento para o paciente. Assim, o objetivo do presente artigo foi informar ao leitor: os conceitos e fatores de risco de cárie; os diferentes sistemas de avaliação de risco de cárie descritos na literatura; e quais sistemas são validados. Contudo, esta revisão de literatura proporciona a identificação e avaliação dos fatores de risco e atividade das lesões de cárie afim de possibilitar uma maior objetividade no diagnóstico e facilitar as decisões de um tratamento bem-sucedido.
ABSTRACT
A odontologia moderna, mesmo usando as suas técnicas mais primorosas, na prática, ainda recupera a perda dental com implantes metálicos recobertos por coroas protéticas. Esses métodos, apesar de efetivos, estão longe de repor qualita e quantitativamente todas as estruturas biológicas perdidas. Nesse ínterim, há um empenho coletivo dos cientistas em criar técnicas de desenvolvimento dental que possibilitem a confecção de um dente natural - um biodente - fazendo uso de diferentes populações celulares e técnicas de engenharia de tecidos. Essas pesquisas, apesar de recentes, avançam e prometem revolucionar o futuro da odontologia, uma vez que trazem consigo a perspectiva do desenvolvimento da terceira-dentição em humanos. Apesar de ainda não haverem ensaios clínicos in vivo, já existem trabalhos primorosos revelando diferentes maneiras de se criar um elemento dental por completo em laboratório e de aplicá-lo em modelos animais. Atualmente, usam-se quatro principais técnicas para o desenvolvimento dos biodentes e são justamente sobre elas, suas vantagens, desvantagens e perspectivas de aplicabilidade clínica futura que esse artigo se compromete a fazer uma revisão da literatura.
Even using the best techniches available, modern dentistry still replaces lost with metal implants covered with prosthetic crowns. Although these methods are effective, they are far from reproducing, qualitatively and quantitatively, all the biological structures that were lost. Meanwhile, there is a collective effort of scientists to create techniques that allow a natural tooth (Bio-tooth) to be created, using different cell populations and tissue engineering techniques. Although these researches are recent, they are advancing and promise to revolutionize the future of dentistry, since they offer the possibility of developing the third dentition in humans. In vivo clinical assays are still inexistent but there are that show different ways of making a complete dental element in a laboratory in animal models. Currently, there are four major techniques available to make bio-tooth and this paper makes a literature review to expose them, their advantages, disadvantages and perspective of future applicability in the clinical setting.
Subject(s)
Stem Cells , Tissue Engineering , DentistryABSTRACT
Myoepithelial cells have an important role in salivary gland tumor development, contributing to a low grade of aggressiveness of these tumors. Normal myoepithelial cells are known by their suppressor function presenting increased expression of extracellular matrix genes and protease inhibitors. The importance of stromal cells and growth factors during tumor initiation and progression has been highlighted by recent literature. Many tumors result from the alteration of paracrine growth factors pathways. Growth factors mediate a wide variety of biological processes such as development, tissue repair and tumorigenesis, and also contribute to cellular proliferation and transformation in neoplastic cells. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), transforming growth factor â-1 (TGFâ-1), platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) and their respective receptors (FGFR-1, FGFR-2, TGFâR-II and PDGFR-á) in myoepithelial cells from pleomorphic adenomas (PA) by in vivo and in vitro experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serial sections were obtained from paraffin-embedded PA samples obtained from the school's files. Myoepithelial cells were obtained from explants of PA tumors provided by surgery from different donors. Immunohistochemistry, cell culture and immunofluorescence assays were used to evaluate growth factor expression. RESULTS: The present findings demonstrated that myoepithelial cells from PA were mainly positive to FGF-2 and FGFR-1 by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. PDGF-A and PDGFR-á had moderate expression by immunohistochemistry and presented punctated deposits throughout cytoplasm of myoepithelial cells. FGFR-2, TGFâ-1 and TGFâR-II were negative in all samples. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that FGF-2 compared to the other studied growth factors has an important role in PA benign myoepithelial cells, probably contributing to proliferation of ...