ABSTRACT
Background: Hypertension is a common and important cardiovascular risk factor in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Aim: To report the prevalence and characteristics of hypertension among patients on chronic hemodialysis. Patients and methods: Cross sectional study of 313 patients (192 male, aged 57 ñ 18 years) dialyzed in 7 representative centers in Santiago, Chile. Results: Patients were on hemodialysis for a mean of 68 ñ 53 months and 67 (21 percent) were diabetic. 230 (74 percent) were hypertensive and 223 of these (97 percent) had predialysis hypertension. A multivariate analysis showed that hypertension was associated with increased weight gain between dialysis, failure to achieve the postdialysis dry weight, increasing age and the presence of diabetes. Among hypertensive patients, 61 percent were receiving antihypertensive medications, compared with 27 percent of patients with normal blood pressure. Conclusions: High blood pressure is highly prevalent among patients on chronic hemodialysis and is associated to hypervolemia, age and the presence of diabetes
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hemodialysis Units, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Hypovolemia , Diabetes Mellitus , Antihypertensive Agents , Hypertension/etiology , Hypertension/drug therapy , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Blood PressureABSTRACT
Por el método de cultivo de esporas viables, se monitoreó la concentración fúngica y variabilidad genérica presente en la atmósfera de Santiago entre 1991 y 1992. Durante 52 semanas se recolectaron 1.040 muestras en 10 lugares mediante la impactación de 20 litros de aire en la superficie de un medio de cultivo, utilizándo un equipo colector portátil RCS. La atmósfera se presentó homogénea cualitativa y cuantitativamente, con una concentración media de 1945 ufc/m3. El contenido fúngico aumentó en forma significativa en verano y presentó correlación positiva con la temperatura y luz solar y negativa con humedad relativa y presión barométrica. Se identificaron 39 taxa: 86,7 porciento correspondió a hongos filamentosos y 13,2 porciento a levaduras. Los géneros predominates en orden decreciente fueron cladosporium, ulocladium, alternaria, penicillium, aspergillus, aureobasidium, botrytis y epicoccum, los que en conjunto representaron el 75,6 porciento del total de las colonias. Cladosporium, ulocladium y epicoccum aumentan su concentración en verano y se correlacionan en forma positiva con la temperatura y luz solar; botrytis y penicillium aumentan en invierno y otoño y aspergillus solo en otoño