Type and severity of intimate partner violence and formal help-seeking among women in the Philippines

Background: In the Philippines, 25% of ever-married women reported experiencing some form of violence fromtheir partner, but only 10% of them actually sought medical or legal help (NDHS, 2013). The objective of thisstudy was to describe the type and severity of intimate partner violence experienced, and its association withformal help-seeking, among women aged 15-49 years in the Philippines.Methods: The cross-sectional data used for this study came from the National Demographic and Health Surveyof women ages 15-49 years old conducted in 2013. To estimate the association of interest, confounders wereidentified using the change-in-estimate criterion and were controlled by multiple logistic regression modelling.Results: Among women aged 15-49 years who experienced intimate partner violence, those who experiencedall types of abuse had the highest proportion of formal help-seeking (7.3%), while women who experienced onlysexual abuse had the lowest (0 out of 67). Controlling for the effect of other variables, women who experiencedsevere physical abuse were more likely to seek medical or legal assistance compared to those who experiencedmoderate physical abuse (OR=4.77; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.96 - 11.62).Conclusion: Formal help-seeking rates were low among victims of intimate partner violence in the Philippines.Severity of abuse experienced is likely an important factor in seeking medical and legal help. These systemsshould thus be capable of handling severe cases of abuse in order to address the needs of women who seekhelp. Efforts should be made to increase formal help-seeking among all victims of domestic violence.

Type and severity of intimate partner violence and formal help-seeking among women in the Philippines

Background@#In the Philippines, 25% of ever-married women reported experiencing some form of violence from their partners but only 10% of them actually sought medical or legal help (NDHS, 2013). The objective of this study was to describe the type and severity of intimate partner violence experienced, and its association with formal help-seeking,among women aged 15-49 years in the Philippines.@*Methodology@#The cross-sectional data used for this study came from the National Demographic and Health Survey of women aged 15-49 years old conducted in 2013. To estimate the association of interest, confounders were identified using the change-in-estimate criterion and were controlled by multiple logistic regression modelling.@*Results@#Among women aged 15-49 years who experienced intimate partner violence, those who experienced all types of abuse had the highest proportion of formal help-seeking (7.3%), while women who experienced only sexual abuse had the lowest (0 out of 67). Controlling for the effect of other variables, women who experienced severe physical abuse were more likely to seek medical or legal assistance compared to those who experienced moderate physical abuse (OR=4.77; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.96 – 11.62).@*Conclusion@#Formal help-seeking rates were low among victims of intimate partner violence in the Philippines. The severity of the abuse experienced is likely an important factor in seeking medical and legal help. These systems should thus be capable of handling severe cases of abuse in order to address the needs of women who seek help. Efforts should be made to increase formal help-seeking among all victims of domestic violence.

Measurement of anxiety and depression among HIV patients seen in the Philippine General Hospital using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Pilipino Version (HADS-P)

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> HIV patients suffer from anxiety and depression but a formal assessment infrequently happens.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>ObJECTIVES:</strong> The study aimed to measure the prevalence of anxiety and depression among HIV patients in UPPhilippine General Hospital.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODS:</strong> This study involving 417 HIV-positive patients used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Pilipino version to identify cases, with stepwise regression analysis for correlation.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and mixed diagnosis was 10.1% (0.072-0.130), 3.1% (0.014-0.048), and 10.8% (0.078-0.138), respectively. Anxiety was correlated with female sex (OR = 7.82, CI 1.03-59.49), unemployment (OR = 1.76, CI 0.90-3.42), smoking (OR = 1.84, CI 0.89-3.79), homosexuality (OR = 7.64, CI 1.36-42.74), and non-use of protective methods during intercourse (OR = 1.81, CI 0.84-3.93). Depression was correlated with unemployment (OR = 2.79, CI 0.91-8.54) and non-disclosure of status (OR = 3.04, CI 0.79-11.67). Mixed diagnosis was correlated to unemployment (OR = 2.09, CI 1.10-3.96), smoking (OR = 2.14, CI 1.08-4.25), homosexuality (OR = 3.14, CI 0.92- 10.65), and non-use of protective methods during intercourse (OR = 1.65, CI 0.77-3.53).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>CONCLUSIONS:</b> Lower prevalence of anxiety and depression among HIV patients was found in this study compared with other countries. There is, however, a need to allocate resources for screening mental health problems in HIV patients.</p>