Growth and survival of the native oyster Crassostrea gasar cultured under different stocking densities in two grow-out systems in tropical climate / [Crescimento e sobrevivência da ostra nativa Crassostrea gasar cultivada em diferentes densidades em dois sistemas em clima tropical]

Survival and growth of the native oyster Crassostrea gasar along the juvenile and adult phases were evaluated in three different stocking densities [low (D), medium (2D) and high (3D)] and in two grow-out systems (fixed and floating system). The fixed system consisted of a rack made with PVC, fixed from the bottom with wood sticks. The floating system consisted of floating bags suspended by a rack made with PVC and maintained submerged from the seawater surface by eight floats. Survival and shell height of oysters cultured after 30, 60 and 90 days were registered in each phase and in each grow-out system. Results showed that the grow-out system did not affect survival and growth of C. gasar in the juvenile and adult phases. The tested densities affected the survival of oysters cultured over time in both phases but did not affect oyster growth. At times analyzed, it was observed positive growth in juvenile oysters grow after 90 days of culture. However, in the adult phase, no growth was observed after 90 days of culture. Oyster yield was higher in the density 3D, in both juvenile and adult phases. These findings contributed to the development of the oyster C. gasar culture.(AU)

A sobrevivência e o crescimento da ostra nativa Crassostrea gasar nas fases juvenil e adulta foram avaliados sob três diferentes densidades de estocagem [baixa (D), média (2D) e alta (3D)] e dois sistemas de engorda (fixo e flutuante). O sistema fixo consistiu em uma mesa de PVC, fixada na parte inferior com varas de madeira. O sistema flutuante consistiu em travesseiros flutuantes suspensos por uma mesa de PVC e mantidas submersas da superfície da água do mar por oito flutuadores. Registraram-se sobrevivência e altura da concha de ostras cultivadas após 30, 60 e 90 dias, em cada fase (juvenil e adulta) e em cada sistema (fixo e flutuante). Os resultados mostraram que o sistema de engorda não afetou a sobrevivência e o crescimento de C. gasar nas fases juvenil e adulta. As densidades testadas afetaram a sobrevivência das ostras ao longo do tempo, em ambas as fases, mas não afetaram o crescimento em altura. Nos tempos analisados, ostras juvenis apresentaram crescimento após 90 dias de cultivo. Porém, na fase adulta, não foi observado crescimento após 90 dias de cultivo. A produção de ostras, foi maior na densidade 3D, nas fases juvenil e adulta. Os presentes achados contribuíram para o desenvolvimento do cultivo da ostra C. gasar.(AU)

Effect of long-term treatment with insulin and/or acarbose on glomerular basement membrane thickening in alloxan-diabetic rats

Acarbose is a competitive inhibitor of the intestinal alpha-glycosidases, that can delay absorption of intestinal carbohydrates causing their malabsorption. In the present paper we studied the effects of insulin, acarbose and their association on glomerular basement membrane thickening in alloxan-diabetic rats. Twenty-five male and female Wistar rats, approximately 3 months old at the beginning of the experiment, were assigned randomly to each of five experimental groups: normal control rats, alloxan-diabetic control rats, alloxan-diabetic rats treated with acarbose, alloxan-diabetic rats treated with insulin, and aloxan-diabetic rats treated with insulin plus acarbose. Alloxan was administered in a single iv dose of 42 mg/kg body weight. Insulin was given subcutaneously at doses of 18 to 30 IU/kg corrected daily on the basis of glycosuria and ketonuria. Acarbose was given mixed with rat chow in a dose of 50 mg/100 g chow. Body weight, water and food intake and diuresis, as well as blood and urine glucose were determined after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment. Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening was determined by electron microscopy at the same times. Clear clinical and laboratory signs of severe diabetes, with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl and urine glucose above 3000 mg/dl, were observed in all alloxan-diabetic control rats, in all periods of follow-up, whereas administration of insulin or acarbose reduced the blood glucose levels of treated groups. The most satisfactory control of blood and urine glucose was observed in animals treated with both insulin and acarbose. However, diarrhea was observed in diabetic rats treated with acarbose associated or not with insulin, GBM thickening was correlated with age in all groups. Beginning at six months after diabetes induction, the GBM of untreated diabetic rats was significantly thicker (mean + 4.446 + 0.45 mm) than that of normal rats (2.977 + 0.63 mm). Both insulin and acarbose prevented GBM thickening and their combination induced thickening similar to the age-dependent thickening observed for normal rats of the same age. We conclude that acarbose when combined with insulin may be a good option in the control of diabetes and its renal complications.

Effects of cyclosporin A immunosuppression on pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in alloxan-diabetic rats

1. Forty-five outbred Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: GI, 10 non-diabetic control rats; GII, 10 alloxan-diabetic control rats; GIII, 25 alloxan-diabetic rats which received pancreaticoduodenal transplantation (PDT) from normal Wistar donor rats and were immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A (Cy-A), 10 mg kg body weight-1 day-1, administered intraperitoneally for 30 days. 2. In parallel, 15 alloxan-diabetic inbred Wistar rats received isogeneic PDT from normal Wistar donor rats. 3. Cy-A prevented graft rejection in the 15 surviving animals in group III. These observations were confirmed by clinical and biochemical parameters (body weight, urine output, water and food intake, blood and urinary glucose and plasma insulin) and by histology and immunohistochemistry of the pancreas. 4. However, Cy-A was associated with 60% of the infectious complications in transplanted rats leading to 40% mortality. Pulmonary infections were the main cause of death. There were no side effects of immunosuppression on the pancreas. Infections were not significant in inbred rats submitted to PDT

Necrose da pequena curvatura gastrica apos vagotomia gastrica proximal por traumatismo da parede gastrica. Estudo experimental em caes. / Necrosis of lesser gastric curvature after proximal gastric vagotomy by traumatic lesion of the gastric wall. Experimental study in dogs

Com o objetivo de estudar a necrose isquemica da pequena curvatura gastrica, apos vagotomia gastrica proximal (VGP), foram operados 36 caes distribuidos por sorteio em dois grupos experimentais: Grupo 1 VGP e Grupo 2 - VGP e traumatismo da parede gastrica. Este tipo de traumatismo foi realizado atraves de uma ligadura, englobando a parede gastrica, com fio de algodao no. 10. Pelos resultados obtidos verificamos que a desvascularizacao determinada pelas ligaduras dos pediculos vasculonervosos, na tecnica de VGP, conserva a irrigacao necessaria a nutricao e manutencao dos tecidos da pequena curvatura gastrica. As ligaduras englobando a parede gastrica podem determinar desde necrose parcial ou total, com perfuracao e peritonite, ate lesoes semelhantes a ulcera cronica. Nos casos de necrose parcial da parede gastrica podem ocorrer tambem lesoes da mucosa gastrica tais como: exulceracao, sufusao hemorragica e convergencia de pregas da mucosa para o local de traumatismo

Insuficiencia hepatica aguda no cobaio. Modelo experimental causado pela injecao de oleato de monoetanolamina. / Acute hepatic insufficiency in guinea pigs. Experimental model caused by monoethanolamina oleate injection

Com o objetivo de produzir um modelo experimental de insuficiencia hepatica aguda (IHA) no cobaio, foram empregados 60 cobaios distribuidos nos seguintes grupos experimentais: a) Grupo Etanolamina - 42 animais submetidos a injecao de 2,5 ml de oleato de monoetanolamina no ducto biliar comun; b) Grupo Controle - 18 animais, nos quais foram injetados 2,5 ml de solucao de NaCI a 0,9% no ducto biliar comum. Foram utilizados para a caracterizacao da IHA os seguintes parametros: quadro clinico, exames laboratoriais (bioquimicos, hematologicos e teste de coagulacao sanguinea) e exame anatomopatologico. A injecao de etanolamina produziu um modelo de insuficiencia hepatica aguda, com a ocorrencia de coma hepatico bem definido em 85,5% dos cobaios nas primeiras 96 horas de evolucao A IHA foi caracterizada pelo quadro clinico tipico de falencia hepatica, alteracoes dos exames bioquimicos (elevacao das bilirrubinas, transaminases e fosfatase alcalina), pelos disturbios da coagulacao sanguinea (alongamento dos tempos de protrombina e tromboplastina parcial ativada e queda do fibrinogenio plasmatico) e pela necrose hepatica macica constatada no exame anatomopatolofico.O modelo experimental desenvolvido pode ser util para o estudo da fisiopatologia da insuficiencia hepatica e para a pesquisa de novos metodos terapeuticos do coma hepatico

Um novo modelo experimental de insuficiencia hepatica aguda. / A new experimental model of acute hepatic insufficiency

E apresentado um novo modelo de insuficiencia hepatica aguda no cobaio, produzido pela injecao intrabiliar de solucao esclerosante. Foram empregados 100 cobaios distribuidos em dois grupos experimentais: 1) Grupo Solucao Esclerosante - 70 animais submetidos a injecao no ducto biliar comum de uma solucao constituida por fenol, acido acetico glacial, glicerina e agua bidestilada na dose de 1 ml. 2) Grupo Controle - 30 animais, noa quais foram injetados 1 ml de solucao de NaCl a 0,9%.A injecao da solucao esclerosante no ducto biliar produziu em 52,9% dos cobaios insuficiencia hepatica aguda caracterizada por: a) quadro clinico bem definido, com evolucao para o coma hepatico de instalacao lenta e longa duracao: b) alteracao dos exames bioquimicos e dos testes de coagulacao sanguinea; c) alteracoes anatomo-patologicas. O modelo experimental desenvolvido pode ser util para o estudo dos mecanismos fisiopatologicos envolvidos na insuficiencia hepatocelular e para a avaliacao de novos metodos para o tratamento do coma hepatico