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2.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 27(9): 5142-5162, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510199

ABSTRACT

A Terapia Cognitiva Baseada em Mindfulness (MBCT, do inglês Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy) é uma técnica baseada na combinação da Terapia Cognitiva-Comportamental e da meditação mindfulness, na busca pela melhoria de sintomas psiquiátricos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a busca por publicações que discutam as implicações neurológicas de pacientes diagnosticados com transtorno depressivo e transtorno de ansiedade e que buscaram nessa técnica a melhoria de sua condição clínica ou qualidade de vida. Nossos resultados preliminares mostraram que os benefícios dessa prática foram colhidos na totalidade dos estudos encontrados, elucidando as áreas cerebrais modificadas e o motivo pelo qual elas foram ativadas. Procuramos abordar ainda a diferença entre essa técnica e o uso de medicamentos e tratamento usual. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Terapia Cognitiva-Comportamental; Cérebro; Transtornos Psiquiátricos; Antidepressivos.


Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a technique based on the combination of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and mindfulness meditation, in the search of improving psychiatric symptoms. This present work aims to search for studies and articles that discuss the neurological implications of patients diagnosed with anxiety and major depressive disorders who sought improvement in their clinical condition or life quality through this technique. The preliminary results showed that the benefits of this practice were observed in all of the studies found, elucidating the modified brain areas and the reason why they were activated. The differences between this technique and the use of medication and treatment-as-usual was also addressed.


La Terapia Cognitiva Basada en Mindfulness (MBCT) es una técnica basada en la combinación de la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual y la meditación mindfulness, en la búsqueda de la mejora de los síntomas psiquiátricos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo buscar publicaciones que discutan las implicaciones neurológicas de pacientes diagnosticados con trastorno depresivo y trastorno de ansiedad y que busquen en esta técnica mejorar su condición clínica o calidad de vida. Nuestros resultados preliminares mostraron que los beneficios de esta práctica se cosecharon en todos los estudios encontrados, dilucidando las áreas cerebrales modificadas y la razón por la cual se activaron. También tratamos de abordar la diferencia entre esta técnica y el uso de medicación y tratamiento habitual.

3.
Gac. méd. espirit ; 23(2): 115-122, 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339940

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: El leiomioma vesical es un tumor de origen mesenquimal, benigno, derivado de las fibras del músculo liso, su diagnóstico definitivo es por estudio histológico; su tratamiento es quirúrgico con pronóstico excelente. Son pocos los casos que se presentan en la bibliografía consultada por la escasa incidencia de este tipo de tumor. Objetivo: Reportar un caso diagnosticado con un leiomioma vesical. Presentación del caso: Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 48 años de edad, atendida en el Hospital General Provincial Camilo Cienfuegos de Sancti Spíritus, que fue diagnosticada con ureterocele izquierdo. La paciente a los 7 años acudió con síntomas de polaquiuria, goteo posmiccional y sensación de repleción después de la micción. A la exploración física sin alteraciones en general. Ecografía renovesical con imagen quística en uréter distal izquierdo, de gran tamaño, con paredes gruesas, que ocupa casi la totalidad de la vejiga, con ureterohidronefrosis severa izquierda. Se le realizó cirugía definitiva, cistectomía parcial con reimplante ureteral izquierdo, con buena evolución. El resultado del diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue un leiomioma vesical. Conclusiones: El leiomioma vesical es una neoplasia poco frecuente en vejiga; en el caso reportado al realizarle el tratamiento quirúrgico se observó un excelente pronóstico.


ABSTRACT Background: Bladder leiomyoma is a benign tumor of mesenchymal origin, derived from smooth muscle fibers, its definitive diagnosis is by histological study; its treatment is surgical with excellent prognosis. Few cases are presented in the literature due to the low incidence of this nature. Objective: To report a case diagnosed with a bladder leiomyoma. Case report: A 48-year-old female patient, assisted at Camilo Cienfuegos General Provincial Hospital in Sancti Spíritus, diagnosed with left ureterocele. The patient came to consulting 7 years after have presented symptoms of pollakiuria, post-mictional drip and repletion sense afterwards urination. Physical examination showed no general alterations. Renovesical ultrasound showed a cystic image in the left distal ureter, large, thick-walled, occupying almost the entire bladder, with severe left ureterohydronephrosis. Definitive and partially cystectomy surgery was performed with left ureteral reimplantation, presenting good evolution. The result of the anatomopathological diagnosis was a bladder leiomyoma. Conclusions: Bladder leiomyoma is a rare neoplasm in the bladder; in the reported case, after surgical treatment, an excellent prognosis was observed.


Subject(s)
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Leiomyoma/diagnosis
4.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 97(3): 342-347, May-June 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279330

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective Movies and TV programs directed to children contain food information that can potentially negative influence their food consumption. The NOVA classification is a useful system for monitoring food informational environment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate food content on children movies using the NOVA classification. Methods The 13 top box office children movies released from 2013 to 2018 were evaluated. Each food reference was classified as unprocessed or minimally processed, processed and ultra-processed food (UPF) and as positive, negative, and neutral message transmitted. Results One hundred and ninety-eight (n = 198) scenes that contained 555 food references were included. The frequency of references to unprocessed and minimally processed foods (60.1%) was similar to references of UPF (59.1%). Fruit/vegetables and sweets represented 37.9% of food appearances each. Scenes containing fruit/vegetables conveyed more negative (62.5%) or neutral messages (49.3%) than positive (26.4%). UPF scenes contained more positive (70.9%) and negative content (75.0%) than neutral (37.3%). Regarding UPF subcategories, sweets scenes were more positive (49.1%) than neutral (22.4%) and fast food meals scenes were more negative (37.5%) than neutral (5.9%). Conclusions UPF, unprocessed food, and minimally processed foods have similar frequency in the movies. Except for fast food meals, UPF were commonly more associated with positive situations and unprocessed and minimally processed foods were more commonly associated with negative contexts.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Energy Intake , Motion Pictures , Diet , Fast Foods , Food Handling
5.
CoDAS ; 28(6): 818-822, nov.-dez. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-828584

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O aumento da dor/desconforto durante atividades como mastigar, falar e deglutir é comumente relatado por pacientes com Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM) e a terapia fonoaudiológica miofuncional orofacial (TMO) tem sido proposta como parte do tratamento desta condição. Porém é uma modalidade que deve ser instituída quando o quadro de DTM e dor não está exacerbado a fim de não impedir ou dificultar a realização dos exercícios. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da TMO no tratamento de pacientes com DTM, segundo o Research Diagnostic Criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD), após analgesia com laserterapia de baixa intensidade (LBI), quanto às condições miofuncionais orofaciais (CMO) e quanto à percepção dos sintomas de DTM. Método Transcorridos 30 dias após a finalização da LBI, cinco pacientes foram avaliados, com idades entre 50 e 61 anos. A aplicação do questionário ProDTMMulti para investigação da autopercepção da sintomatologia de DTM e do exame clínico AMIOFE (Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores) para constatação das condições miofuncionais orofaciais foram realizados por fonoaudióloga experiente, antes e após a TMO. Resultados As CMO apresentaram aumento dos escores após TMO, indicando aumento do equilíbrio miofuncional orofacial. De acordo com a percepção das pacientes, após a TMO houve alívio dos sinais e sintomas de DTM. Conclusão A TMO instituída após a analgesia com LBI promoveu equilíbrio das funções orofaciais da amostra estudada e diminuição dos sinais e sintomas de DTM remanescentes, de acordo com a autopercepção dos indivíduos tratados.


ABSTRACT Increased pain and/or discomfort during chewing, speaking, and swallowing have been commonly reported by patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD). Speech-language pathology therapy (orofacial myofunctional therapy - OMT) has been proposed as part of the treatment for this condition; however, it is a modality that should be introduced when the TMD context and the pain are not accentuated, so that they do not prevent or hinder the performance of exercises. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of OMT on the treatment of patients with TMD, according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), after analgesia with low-level laser therapy (LLLT), regarding orofacial myofunctional conditions (OMC) and the perception of TMD symptoms. Five patients aged 50 to 61 years were evaluated 30 days after completion of LLLT. An experienced speech-language pathologist conducted, pre- and post-OMT, the application of the ProDTM Multi-questionnaire - to investigate the self-perception of TMD symptomatology, and the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores (OMES) clinical examination - to confirm the orofacial myofunctional conditions. OMC presented increased OMT scores, indicating an increase in myofunctional orofacial balance. According to the patients' perception, TMD signs and symptoms were relieved after the application of OMT. According to the self-perception of the treated patients, introduction of OMT after LLLT analgesia promoted a balance of the orofacial functions of the sample studied, as well as a decrease in the remaining TMD signs and symptoms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Speech Therapy/methods , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/therapy , Myofunctional Therapy/methods , Low-Level Light Therapy , Language Therapy/methods , Temporal Muscle/physiopathology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Facial Muscles/physiopathology , Masseter Muscle/physiopathology , Middle Aged
6.
Ciênc. rural ; 46(2): 336-341, fev. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-767649

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate commercial eggs quality after being subjected to a cleaning process and immersion in whey protein concentrate (WPC) as a function of storage time. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 4x7, being four methods of treating shell (not cleaned and not coated with WPC, not cleaned and coated with WPC, cleaned and not coated with WPC, cleaned and coated with WPC and seven periods of storage (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days) for a total of 28 treatments, with five replicates of four eggs each. Quality parameters evaluated were weight loss of eggs (%), specific gravity (g/cm3), haugh units (HU), yolk index (YI) and potential hydrogen (pH) albumen. The storage period increase, regardless of the shell treatment method, causing weight loss in eggs, reductions in specific gravity in the Haugh units, yolk index and increase in the albumen pH. The cleaning method makes egg's internal quality worse during storage. Coverage of whey protein concentrate is a viable alternative for commercial eggs conservation stored at room temperature in order to minimize quality loss during storage, including eggs that need to go through the cleaning process.


RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de ovos comerciais de poedeiras submetidos aos processos de higienização e cobertura com solução de concentrado proteico de soro de leite (CPSL) em diferentes períodos (dias) de armazenamento, em temperatura ambiente. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4x7, sendo quatro métodos de tratamento de casca (não-higienizados e não cobertos com CPSL; não-higienizados e cobertos com CPSL; higienizados e não cobertos com CPSL; higienizados e cobertos com CPSL) e sete períodos de armazenamento (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias), totalizando 28 tratamentos, com cinco repetições de quatro ovos. Avaliou-se a perda de peso dos ovos (%), gravidade específica (g/cm3), unidade Haugh (UH), índice de gema (IG) e potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) do albúmen. O tempo de estocagem, independente do método de tratamento de casca, ocasionou perda de peso nos ovos, reduções na gravidade específica, na unidade Haugh e no índice de gema e aumento no pH do albúmen (P<0,05). O método de higienização reduz a qualidade interna do ovo com o tempo de armazenamento. A cobertura de concentrado proteico de soro de leite aplicado em ovos higienizados ou não higienizados melhora a qualidade interna dos ovos com o tempo de armazenamento, constituindo-se em uma alternativa viável para conservar ovos comerciais, higienizados ou não, armazenados em temperatura ambiente, minimizando a perda de qualidade interna dos ovos com o tempo de armazenamento.

7.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(4): 668-673, sep.-dec. 2015. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O leiomioma cutâneo piloeretor (LCP) é um tumor benigno de pele, de incidência rara, proveniente do músculo eretor do pelo. Sua apresentação clínica mais frequente é o aparecimento de nódulos isolados ou em grande número. Em geral, são dolorosos, sensíveis ao frio, toque, pressão e à emoção. Vários agentes farmacológicos têm sido utilizados com algum sucesso para redução da dor e do desconforto local. Entretanto, em casos nos quais os sintomas dolorosos são intensos ou causam restrição social, a cirurgia torna-se uma abordagem alternativa a ser considerada. Neste artigo relatamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, portador de múltiplos leiomiomas cutâneos na parede torácica anterior à esquerda e no abdome, bem como a terapêutica utilizada para seu caso. Métodos: O tratamento compreendeu a ressecção cirúrgica total da lesão, com fechamento da ferida com o uso de enxerto de pele parcial, retirado da região anterolateral da coxa direita. Resultados: A reconstrução imediata do defeito resultante, com enxerto de pele parcial, assegurou a cicatrização sem intercorrências. Após o tratamento, houve completa remissão do quadro doloroso, o que permitiu completa reintegração social do paciente, tendo sido alcançado ainda resultado estético aceitável. Conclusão: O LCP constitui patologia de difícil tratamento, embora tenha várias possibilidades terapêuticas. A ressecção cirúrgica completa de múltiplos leiomiomas cutâneos pode impedir a recorrência da doença, embora alguma recidiva local seja relatada na literatura.


Introduction: Cutaneous pilar leiomyoma (CPL) is a rare benign skin tumor arising from arrector pili muscles. Its most common clinical manifestation is the appearance of nodules that may either be isolated or clustered. In general, these tumors are painful and sensitive to cold, touch, pressure, and emotional stimuli. Several pharmacological agents have been used with some success to reduce local pain and discomfort. However, in cases with intensely painful symptoms or that cause social constraints to the patient, surgery becomes an alternative approach. Here, we report the case of a male patient with multiple cutaneous leiomyomas in the left anterior chest wall and abdomen, and the therapeutic approaches used for this case. Methods: The treatment included a complete surgical resection of the tumor and wound closure with partial skin graft taken from the anterolateral region of the right thigh. Results: The immediate reconstruction of the resulting defect with a partial skin graft ensured healing without complications. After the treatment, complete remission of the pain symptoms occurred, in addition to an acceptable aesthetic outcome, which allowed the full social reintegration of the patient. Conclusion: CPL is a disease that is difficult to treat; however, several therapeutic approaches can be used. The complete surgical resection of multiple cutaneous leiomyomas can prevent the recurrence of the disease, although some local recurrences have been reported in the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , History, 21st Century , Scopolamine , Skin , Skin Neoplasms , Soft Tissue Neoplasms , Wounds and Injuries , Skin Transplantation , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Thoracic Wall , Clinical Study , Hip , Leiomyoma , Scopolamine/therapeutic use , Skin/injuries , Skin/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/surgery , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/complications , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Wounds and Injuries/drug therapy , Skin Transplantation/methods , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Thoracic Wall/surgery , Hip/surgery , Leiomyoma/surgery , Leiomyoma/pathology
8.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 31(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-771811

ABSTRACT

La experiencia se obtiene de nuestro trabajo diario, de lo que vemos, de las reflexiones que realizamos y de las conclusiones que elaboramos apoyadas en nuestros conocimientos. En el presente trabajo exponemos y comentamos veinte consejos que abarcan diferentes aspectos del actuar médico que pueden ser útiles para todos los profesionales, sobre todo a los más jóvenes(AU)


The experience is obtained from our daily work, what we see, from the reflections we make and the conclusions we make supported by our knowledge. Twenty tips are discussed in this paper, which cover different aspects of the medical act. They can be useful for all professionals, especially the younger ones(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Physicians/ethics , Professional Practice/ethics
9.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(2): 242-249, 2015. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A embolia pulmonar é a causa de morte mais previsível em pacientes hospitalizados, sendo isso ainda mais prevalente em pacientes cirúrgicos. 200.000 novos casos ocorrem anualmente, com início súbito e geralmente levando à morte nas primeiras 2 horas. Prevenir é, portanto, mais efetivo que tratar a doença estabelecida. Esse estudo objetiva demonstrar a importância e segurança do protocolo de prevenção do tromboembolismo venoso. Métodos: Conduzimos um estudo retrospectivo no período de maio de 2009 a maio de 2011, quando 2759 pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia plástica no Instituto Ivo Pitanguy. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao protocolo de prevenção e avaliados quanto aos fatores de risco para tromboembolismo venoso. A soma desses fatores gerou um escore que determinou a conduta profilática a ser adotada. Resultados: Houve três casos de tromboembolismo venoso (0,1%), sendo 1 de TEP e 2 de TVP. A quimioprofilaxia com enoxaparina administrada aos 3 pacientes de acordo com o protocolo de prevenção. Nossas taxas permaneceram abaixo das encontradas na literatura, com diferença estatisticamente significativa nos numero total de casos (p < 0,0001). Houve 34 casos de hematoma (1,2%), sendo 55,9% em pacientes submetidos à quimioprofilaxia e 44,1% em pacientes que usaram apenas o dispositivo de compressão pneumática intermitente apenas. As taxas totais de hematoma também permaneceram abaixo das encontradas na literatura, também com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Conclusão: O protocolo de prevenção do tromboembolismo venoso do Instituto Ivo Pitanguy se provou seguro e importante na prevenção dos casos de TEV, com taxas de hematoma abaixo do descrito na literatura.


Introduction: Pulmonary embolism is the most predictable cause of death in hospitalized patients, even more in surgical patients. 200.000 new cases occur annually, with sudden onset and generally leading to death in the first 2 hours. Preventing is most effective than treating stablished disease. This study aims to show the importance and safety of the venous thromboembolism prevention protocol. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in the period between May 2009 and May 2011 at The Ivo Pitanguy Institute, where 2759 patients underwent plastic surgery (aesthetic and reconstructive). All patients were assessed for predisposing and exposing risk factors for venous thromboembolism and the sum of those factors generated a score determining the prophylactic procedure to be adopted according to the protocol. Results: There were three cases of venous thromboembolism (0.1%): one case of pulmonary embolism and two cases of deep venous thrombosis. Chemoprophylaxis with heparin was administered in the three patients according to the venous thromboembolism prevention protocol. Our rates remained below those found in the literature, with a statistically significant difference in total cases (p < 0.0001). There were 34 cases of hematoma (1.2%): 55.9% in patients submitted to pharmacological prophylaxis with heparin and 44,1% in patients who used sequential compression devices only. The total rates of hematoma also remained below those found in the literature with a statistically significant difference (p < 0,001). Conclusion: The venous thromboembolism prevention protocol of the Ivo Pitanguy Institute proved to be important and safe, preventing the occurrence of venous thromboembolism cases with low rates of hematoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , History, 21st Century , Pulmonary Artery , Heparin , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Enoxaparin , Chemoprevention , Guidelines as Topic , Evaluation Study , Pulmonary Artery/surgery , Pulmonary Artery/pathology , Pulmonary Embolism , Pulmonary Embolism/surgery , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/mortality , Pulmonary Embolism/pathology , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Surgery, Plastic , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Heparin/adverse effects , Heparin/therapeutic use , Heparin/pharmacology , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Enoxaparin/pharmacology , Chemoprevention/methods , Guidelines as Topic/methods , Guidelines as Topic/prevention & control
10.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 28(1): 3-9, jan.-mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687341

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Eventos tromboembólicos causam grande preocupação, em decorrência das altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade existentes e da possibilidade de apresentação clínica com sintomas escassos e, muitas vezes, inespecíficos. A prevenção é a maneira mais eficaz de lidar com esse tipo de evento, que, uma vez estabelecido, pode levar rapidamente à morte. MÉTODO: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo, no período entre maio de 2009 e maio de 2010, com pacientes submetidos a cirurgia plástica no Instituto Ivo Pitanguy. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao protocolo de prevenção de tromboembolismo venoso, após serem avaliados quanto aos fatores predisponentes e de risco. A soma desses fatores gerou uma pontuação, que determinou a profilaxia a ser adotada. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 1.351 pacientes durante o período de um ano. Não houve incidência de tromboembolismo venoso. Foram observados 16 casos de hematoma, 9 (56,25%) deles ocorreram após profilaxia com heparina e 7 (43,75%) sem o uso de quimioprofilaxia. CONCLUSÕES: O protocolo para prevenção de tromboembolismo venoso no Instituto Ivo Pitanguy foi eficaz, sem ocorrência de eventos tromboembólicos e com incidência de hematomas abaixo da encontrada na literatura médica.


INTRODUCTION: Thromboembolic events are a serious concern due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality as well as the possibility of existing disease presenting with scarce and often nonspecific symptoms. Prevention is the most effective management method for this kind of event, which can quickly lead to death once it occurs. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted between May 2009 and May 2010 on patients undergoing plastic surgery at the Ivo Pitanguy Institute. All patients underwent the protocol for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after being assessed for risk factors. These factors were summed to generate a score, which determined the prophylaxis to be implemented. RESULTS: During one year, 1351 patients were assessed. There was no incidence of venous thromboembolism. There were 16 cases of hematoma, 9 (56.25%) of which occurred after heparin prophylaxis and 7 (43.75%) of which occurred without the use of prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: The protocol for the prevention of venous thromboembolism at the Ivo Pitanguy Institute was effective, with no occurrence of VTE cases and the incidence of hematomas remained below that found in the medical literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Surgery, Plastic , Thrombosis , Retrospective Studies , Venous Thrombosis , Guidelines as Topic , Venous Thromboembolism , Hematoma , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Thrombosis/blood , Venous Thrombosis/surgery , Venous Thrombosis/mortality , Venous Thrombosis/prevention & control , Guidelines as Topic/analysis , Guidelines as Topic/methods , Guidelines as Topic/prevention & control , Venous Thromboembolism/surgery , Venous Thromboembolism/mortality , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Hematoma/complications , Hematoma/therapy
11.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 28(4): 532-537, july-sept. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507840

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Este artigo versa sobre a delicada natureza da relação médicopaciente, suas limitações, nuances e particularidades. Nele, tecemos considerações sobre o comportamento atual da mídia e internet, cada vez mais exigentes e tendenciosas, bem como o atuar dentro do consultório médico. Observamos que a ética, e um amplo entendimento de nossas possibilidades e limitações são a chave para se obter boa relação médico-paciente evitando demandas judiciais. .


ABSTRACT This article is about the tender nature of patient-doctor relationship, its limitations, details and particularities. Here, we make some considerations about actual behavior of media and internet, each time more and more demanding and tendentious, as well as how to act in a consultation room. We realized that Ethics and an abroad comprehension of our possibilities and limitations are the key for avoiding juridic problems and to obtain a satisfactory patient-doctor relationship.

13.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 27(3): 378-387, jul.-set. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615500

ABSTRACT

La identificación correcta de los problemas de salud del paciente constituye la base en que descansa la actuación profesional de los médicos y la clave para una atención de calidad. El propósito de este trabajo es describir el método hipotético-deductivo y su utilización en el proceso del diagnóstico, mostrando ejemplos prácticos de casos clínicos que pueden ser similares a los vistos en la atención primaria. Se realizó un trabajo de revisión de artículos nacionales y algunos extranjeros que abordan el diagnóstico médico y la aplicación del método hipotético-deductivo en el proceso del diagnóstico. Los médicos a medida que ganan en conocimientos y experiencias simplifican el proceso del diagnóstico y con pocos datos elaboran sus hipótesis diagnósticas (método hipotético-deductivo), dirigiendo el interrogatorio, el examen físico y las exploraciones complementarias hacia la comprobación o rechazo de los diagnósticos iniciales. Si se rechaza el diagnóstico inicial hay que comenzar de nuevo el proceso. El método hipotético-deductivo es muy eficiente siempre que se aplique correctamente, por un personal experimentado y con las condiciones necesarias. Este método no está exento de errores si se violan sus principios


ABSTRACT The proper identification of health problems of patient is the basis supporting the professional performance of physicians and the key for a quality care. The purpose of present paper is to describe the deductive-hypothetical method and its use in the diagnostic process, showing practical examples of clinical cases that could be similar to that observed in the primary care. A review work was made of national and foreign papers approaching the medical diagnosis y the implementation of the above mentioned method in the process of diagnosis. The physicians according to a increase in knowledges and experiences may to simplify the process of diagnosis and with a few data they made its diagnostic hypotheses (deductive-hypothetic method), directing the questioning, the physical examination and the complementary screenings towards the verification or the rejection of initial diagnoses. If initial diagnosis is rejected it is necessary to start again the process. The deductive-hypothetical method is very effective whenever it be properly applied by a experimented staff and with the necessary conditions. The method is not extent of errors if its principles are infringed


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Clinical Diagnosis/diagnosis , Hypothesis-Testing , Quality Assurance, Health Care/methods
14.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 27(2): 232-244, abr.-jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615486

ABSTRACT

El diagnóstico médico es la base de una atención de calidad a nuestros pacientes. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura nacional y de algunos trabajos extranjeros sobre el método clínico, su importancia, bases, procedimientos y características fundamentales en la atención primaria, enfatizando en la morbilidad en ese nivel de atención, las peculiaridades de los problemas de salud allí atendidos, así como las estrategias a seguir para el diagnóstico. Se hacen las consideraciones finales sobre el tema, y se enfatiza que el uso adecuado del método clínico es el principal recurso que posee el médico para identificar los problemas de salud que enfrenta en la atención primaria.


The medical diagnosis is the base of an appropriate care to our patients. A review of national literature and of some foreign papers on the clinical method was conducted, its significance, bases, procedures and major features in primary care emphasizing on the morbidity at that care level, the particular characteristics of the health problems approached, as well as the strategies to be followed for the diagnosis. The final considerations on this subject are made emphasizing that the appropriate use of clinical method is the main resource to count on the physician to identify the health problems faced in the primary care.


Subject(s)
Diagnosis , Primary Health Care
15.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 27(2): 270-275, abr.-jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-615488

ABSTRACT

Se plantea la importancia del diagnóstico y que el aprendizaje de su proceso generalmente es empírico. Se expone el caso de una paciente de 20 años con cefaleas de 4 meses de evolución, y se describen los pasos y el razonamiento que realiza el médico para identificar la causa del problema de la paciente y excluir otras posibilidades. Se hacen las consideraciones finales en las que se plantea que, basado en el correcto uso del interrogatorio y el examen físico, de los conocimientos de las enfermedades que pueden cursar con cefaleas, el médico pudo llegar al diagnóstico de certeza, en este caso, sin necesidad de usar exámenes complementarios.


The diagnosis significance is proposed and that learning of its process generally is empirical. The case of a female patient aged 20 with headaches of four months of evolution is presented, describing the steps and the reasoning of physician to identify the cause of the problem and to exclude other possibilities. The final considerations are made in which is proposed that based on the appropriate use of the questioning and the physical examination, of the knowledge of the potential diseases causing headache, the physician could arrive to a correct diagnosis, in this case, without the need of complementary examinations.


Subject(s)
Headache/diagnosis , Migraine Disorders , Tomography/methods
16.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 20(6): 922-928, dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-572608

ABSTRACT

Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl, Verbenaceae, plant extract, is a Brazilian medicinal plant externally used in folk medicine for purulent ulcers, skin lesions and internally for inflammations, fever, renal disorders and atherosclerosis. S. cayennesis was studied to identify potential bioactive compounds that may justify their therapeutic use against skin lesions and atherosclerosis. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and phototoxicity capacities of the crude ethanolic extract, fractions and isolated compounds from roots of S. cayennesis were evaluated through in vivo and in vitro tests. Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an eukaryotic cell model, were used to assess both the phototoxicity and the capacity to protect against the lethal oxidative stress caused by menadione and hydrogen peroxide. The extract, fractions and the two major isolated compounds, verbascoside and betulinic acid, of S. cayennensis were able to increase the tolerance and decrease the lipid peroxidation of S. cerevisiae to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant activity was also evaluated by scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•). Verbascoside exhibited a moderate antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, S.epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Neither the ethanolic extract nor fractions showed phototoxicity, indicating that the S. cayennensis extract is safe for use in the treatment of skin lesions and as an active cosmetic ingredient.


Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) Vahl, Verbenaceae, é uma planta utilizada na medicina popular brasileira contra úlceras e lesões de pele. Internamente é usada contra inflamações, febre, doenças renais e aterosclerose. Essa planta foi estudada com o objetivo de identificar os compostos bioativos majoritários que possam justificar seu uso terapêutico contra lesões de pele e arteriosclerose. A atividade antioxidante do extrato bruto etanólico, partições e os compostos majoritários isolados das raízes de S. cayennesis foi avaliada através de testes in vivo e in vitro. In vitro a atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelo teste fotocolorimétrico do radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilidrazil (DPPH•). In vivo, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, um modelo de célula eucariótica, foi utilizado tanto para avaliar a fototoxicidade quanto a capacidade antioxidante contra as espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROS) menadiona e peróxido de hidrogênio. O extrato, partições e os dois compostos majoritários isolados, verbascosídeo e ácido betulínico foram capazes de aumentar a sobrevivência e diminuir a peroxidação lipídica de S. cerevisiae contra EROS. Verbascosídeo apresentou atividade antimicrobiana moderada contra Streptococcus pyogenes, S.epidermidis e Staphylococcus aureus. O extrato etanólico e as partições testadas não apresentaram fototoxicidade, indicando que S. cayennensis é uma planta segura para o tratamento de lesões de pele e como possível ingrediente em cosméticos.

17.
Pró-fono ; 21(3): 189-194, jul.-set. 2009. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-528505

ABSTRACT

TEMA: a determinação dos limites de movimentos mandibulares é um importante procedimento na avaliação do estado funcional do sistema estomatognático, porém poucos são os estudos que focalizam os parâmetros de normalidade ou desvios em crianças. Objetivos: definir as médias dos limites de movimentos mandibulares em crianças brasileiras de 6 a 12 anos de idade; verificar diferenças entre os gêneros, em cada faixa etária, e entre as faixas etária de 6 a 8 anos, 8:1 a 10 anos e 10:1 a 12 anos de idade. MÉTODO: participaram 240 crianças, escolares do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Com o auxílio de um paquímetro digital foram mensuradas a máxima abertura mandibular, a protrusão, a excursão lateral direita e esquerda e o desvio da linha média, quando presente. O teste T Student, a Análise de variância e o pós-teste Tukey foram considerados significantes para p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: as médias das medidas da amostra foram: máxima abertura mandibular 44,51 mm, excursão lateral direita 7,71mm, excursão lateral esquerda 7,92 mm e a protrusão 7,45 mm. Não houve diferença estatística entre os gêneros. Houve aumento gradual nos limites dos movimentos mandibulares com o aumento da faixa etária, com diferenças significantes principalmente entre as faixas etárias de 6 - 8 anos e 10:1-12 anos. CONCLUSÃO: durante a infância os limites de movimentos mandibulares aumentam e a idade deve ser considerada na análise desses dados para maior precisão no diagnóstico.


BACKGROUND: identification of the mandibular movement range is an important procedure in the evaluation of the stomatognathic system. However, there are few studies in children that focus on normal parameters or abnormalities. AIM: to determine the average range of mandibular movements in Brazilian children aged 6 to 12 years; to verify the difference between genders, in each age group, and between the different age groups: 6-8 years; 8.1-10 years; and 10.1-12 years. METHOD: participants of the study were 240 healthy children selected among regular students from local schools of São Paulo State. The maximum mandibular opening, lateral excursion and protrusive movements, and deviation of the medium line, if present, were measured using a digital caliper. Student T test, Analysis of variance and Tukey test were considered significant for p < 0.05. RESULTS: the mean values observed in the studied sample were: 44.51mm for maximum mandibular opening; 7.71mm for lateral excursion to the right; 7.92mm for lateral excursion to the left; 7.45mm for protrusive movements. No statistical difference was observed between genders. There was a gradual increase in the range of mandibular movements, with significant differences mainly between the ages of 6-8 years and 10.1-12 years. Conclusion: during childhood the range of mandibular movements increases. Age should be considered in this analysis for a greater precision in the diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Mandible/physiology , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Brazil
18.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 25(2)abr.-jun. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-575599

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo se reunen un grupo de 100 aforismos y proverbios, algunos en relación directa con la medicina, otros, de forma más lejana, o muchas veces sin vínculos aparentes, pero todos con la utilidad de ampliar nuestra cultura y provocar la reflexión. Los pueblos también tienen sus proverbios, que en muchos casos se denominan refranes, y proporcionan una muestra acabada de la sabiduría popular. Los refranes son también atributos de las naciones, y a veces sirven para identificar sus características e historia...


In this work, gather a group of 100 aphorisms and proverbs, some directly related to medicine, other, more distant, and often without apparent links, but all with the usefulness of extending our culture and encourage reflection. The villages also have their proverbs, which often are called proverbs, and provide a finished sample of conventional wisdom. Proverbs are also attributes of nations, and often serve to identify their characteristics and history...


Subject(s)
Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic
19.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 25(1)ene.-mar. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-532205

ABSTRACT

El poder resumir una larga conferencia o un capítulo de un libro es una habilidad muy preciada por los estudiantes. Si logramos, de un tema o un libro, extraer las ideas centrales damos un gran paso en la comprensión del asunto tratado y ahorramos en el futuro muchas horas de trabajo


Subject(s)
Aphorisms and Proverbs as Topic
20.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 24(1)ene.-mar. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-499286

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se ha tratado de agrupar los aforismos de acuerdo con la temática que tratan, abordando diferentes aspectos de utilidad para nuestros Médicos de Familia, tanto en la práctica de su profesión como en su formación general.


Subject(s)
Aphorisms and Proverbs
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