Tratamiento quirúrgico de la pericarditis purulenta: reporte de un caso / Surgical treatment of purulent pericarditis: report of a case

Resumen Introducción: La pericarditis es la enfermedad del pericardio más presente en la práctica médica. La pericarditis purulenta representa el 5% de ellas, con una mortalidad de hasta el 40%. Caso Clínico: Se presenta un paciente masculino, de 27 años de edad, con antecedentes de hipotiroidismo que ingresa con tos y expectoración amarillenta, asociado a fiebre, que resolvió con tratamiento antibiótico. Un mes después, reingresa con dolor abdominal, astenia y disnea intensa que no tolera el decúbito. Se indica ecocardiograma, que diagnostica derrame pericárdico severo, con colapso de cavidades derechas. Se procedió a pericardiocentesis de emergencia, donde se extrajeron 450 mililitros de líquido purulento. En el seguimiento ecocardiográfico a las 48 h, se observa aumento del derrame, por lo que se decide tratamiento quirúrgico, mediante toracotomía anterolateral izquierda, encontrando derrame purulento y engrosamiento pericárdico de 6 mm, con múltiples adherencias. Se indica pericardiectomía parcial. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente, egresándose 7 días posteriores a la cirugía.

Introduction: Pericarditis is frecuent pericardial disease in medical practice. The purulent pericarditis represents 5%, with a mortality of up to 40%. Case Report: We present a male patient, 27 years old, with a history of hypothyroidism that enters with cough and yellowish expectoration, associated with fever, resolved with antibiotic treatment. One month later, he reenters with abdominal pain, asthenia and intense dyspnea that does not tolerate decubitus. Echocardiogram diagnosed severe pericardial effusion, with collapse of right cavities. Emergency pericardiocentesis was performed and 450 milliliters of purulent fluid were extracted. In the echocardiographic follow-up at 48 hours, an increase in the effusion was observed, was decided surgical treatment by left anterolateral thoracotomy, finding purulent effusion and pericardial thickening of 6 mm, with multiple adhesions. Partial pericardiectomy is indicated. The patient evolved favorably, leaving 7 days after surgery.

Occurrence of gastric ulcers and serum gastrin levels in jumping horses / Ocorrência de úlceras gástricas e níveis séricos de gastrina em cavalos de hipismo

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of EGUS and to quantify serum gastrin levels in jumping horses during competition season and interseason period. Forty jumping horses, competing at high level were randomly allocated into two groups, the Training Group: twenty jumping horses undergoing intense training and participating in competitions, and the Rest Group: twenty jumping horses in the interseason (resting period). The gastroscopic examinations and blood samples of the horses in the training group were performed 1-2 days following the competition while in the horses of the rest group, following 4 weeks of rest. The serum gastrin levels were measured at two different times: pre-feeding and two hours after feeding the horses (postprandial) by ELISA kit. Gastric lesion score data were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test (α= 0.05) and the mean gastrin values were compared between the groups and between the two moments by the paired tet tests, respectively (α= 0, 05). Squamous gastric ulcers were detected in 42.5% of all jumping horses examined independent of the period, competition season or interseason. Serum gastrin levels were significantly higher in the Training Group with no difference between pre-feeding and postprandial values.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de EGUS e quantificar os níveis séricos de gastrina em cavalos de hipismo durante a época de competições e o período de férias. Quarenta cavalos de hipismo de alta performance foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos, grupo treinamento: vinte cavalos de hipismo submetidos a treinamento intenso e participando de competições, e grupo descanso: vinte cavalos de hipismo em férias (período de descanso). As avaliações gastroscópicas e as coletas de sangue dos cavalos em treinamento foram realizadas um ou dois dias após as competições, enquanto nos cavalos do grupo descanso foram realizadas após quatro semanas de repouso. Os níveis séricos de gastrina foram mensurados por kit de ELISA, em dois momentos: antes da alimentação e duas horas após. Os dados de escore das lesões gástricas foram comparados pela prova U de Mann-Whitney (α= 0,05) e os valores médios de gastrina foram comparados entre os grupos e entre os dois momentos pelos testes t e t pareado, respectivamente (α= 0,05). Foram encontradas úlceras gástricas em 42,5% de todos os cavalos examinados, independentemente do período de competições ou repouso. Os níveis séricos de gastrina foram significativamente maiores no grupo treinamento, sem diferença entre os períodos pré e pós-alimentação.(AU)

Ultrassonografia testicular em caprinos jovens da raça Alpina / Testicular ultrasonography in young Alpine goats

Objetivou-se com este trabalho observar as mudanças do parênquima testicular de acordo com o fotoperíodo e com a faixa etária dos animais por meio da ecotextura testicular e a viabilidade do uso do ultrassom na avaliação testicular. Foram utilizados 4 animais desde o 6° até o 13° mês de idade. Os exames ecográficos foram realizados a cada 15 dias para avaliar a ecotextura testicular. O parênquima testicular mostrou-se moderadamente ecogênico e homogêneo. Foi observado comportamento semelhante na ecotextura testicular durante o período de avaliação, sendo maior no 8º mês de idade, quando o volume testicular também foi maior; tais mudanças foram relacionadas com o fotoperíodo da região. A avaliação ultrassonográfica dos testículos mostrou-se um método eficiente, capaz de detectar as mudanças no parênquima testicular ao longo do tempo, e como ferramenta alternativa para diferenciação de condições normais e patológicas em caprinos...

The purpose of this study was to observe changes in the testicular parenchyma of male goats. Changes were observed in terms of goat age, evaluating the echotexture and ultrasound viability in the testicles. Four animals were used, ranging from six to 13 months of age. The echographic examinations were performed every 15 days to assess echotexture of the testicle. The testicular parenchyma appeared moderately echogenic and homogeneous. Similar results were observed in testicular echotexture during the evaluation period. The highest results appearing during the eighth month of age, when the testicular volume was also highest; such changes were related to the regional photoperiod. The ultrasound evaluation of the testicles was shown to be an effective method, ultimately capable of detecting changes in testicular parenchyma over time, being an alternative to differentiation normal and pathological conditions in goats...

Electrocardiographic study in the American Quarter Horse breed / Estudo eletrocardiográfico de equinos da raça Quarto de Milha

An evaluation of the electrocardiographic profile of 50 clinically healthy Quarter Horses, with ages ranging from six months to 28 years old, 34 females and 16 males, was performed. Heart rate has not decreased with age, and duration of the QRS complex increased with the growth of the animal. The amplitude of the S and T1 waves were higher in male subjects than in female Quarter Horses.

Avaliou-se o perfil eletrocardiográfico de 50 equinos da raça Quarto de Milha, clinicamente sadios, com idades variando de seis meses a 28 anos, sendo 34 fêmeas e 16 machos. A frequência cardíaca não diminuiu com a idade, e a duração do complexo QRS aumentou ao longo do crescimento do animal. A amplitude das ondas S e T1 foram maiores nos indivíduos machos do que nas fêmeas da raça Quarto de Milha.

Surfactant protein B gene polymorphism in preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome

The etiology of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is multifactorial and multigenic. Studies have suggested that polymorphisms and mutations in the surfactant protein B (SP-B) gene are associated with the pathogenesis of RDS. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the frequencies of SP-B gene polymorphisms in preterm babies with and without RDS. We studied 151 neonates: 79 preterm babies without RDS and 72 preterm newborns with RDS. The following four SP-B gene polymorphisms were analyzed: A/C at -18, C/T at 1580, A/G at 9306, and G/C at nucleotide 8714. The polymorphisms were detected by PCR amplification of genomic DNA and genotyping. The genotypes were determined using PCR-based converted restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The control group consisted of 42 (53 percent) girls and 37 (47 percent) boys. Weight ranged from 1170 to 3260 g and mean gestational age (GA) was 33.9 weeks (range: 29 to 35 weeks and 6 days). The RDS group consisted of 31 (43 percent) girls and 41 (57 percent) boys. Weight ranged from 614 to 2410 g and mean GA was 32 weeks (range: 26 to 35 weeks). The logistic regression model showed that GA was the variable that most contributed to the occurrence of RDS. The AG genotype of the A/G polymorphism at position 9306 of the SP-B gene was a protective factor in this population (OR = 0.1681; 95 percentCI = 0.0426-0.6629). We did not detect differences in the frequencies of the other polymorphisms between the two groups of newborns.

Desempenho produtivo de ovinos em confinamento alimentados com diferentes dietas / Performance of confined sheep fed different diets

Avaliaram-se o desempenho produtivo e a viabilidade econômica da utilização de diferentes dietas na terminação de ovinos. Foram utilizados 20 ovinos machos inteiros com sete meses de idade e peso vivo inicial de 25kg. O experimento teve duração de 60 dias, sendo que os animais tiveram sete dias de adaptação às dietas e 53 para o período de pesagens, coletas das sobras e dietas oferecidas. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições: milho + soja + feno de Tifton 85 (DR); milho + soja + caju + feno de Tifton 850 (DC); milho + soja + maracujá + feno de Tifton 85 (DM); milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo (MDPS) + feno de leucena + feno de Tifton 85 (DL). Observou-se efeito do tratamento (P<0,05) sobre consumo de matéria seca (CMS), consumo de proteína bruta (CPB) e consumo de fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN). Os ganhos médios diários de peso, em gramas, foram 171,60, 218,80, 217,20, 187,00 para os tratamentos DR, DC, DM e DL, respectivamente. Registrou-se menor CMS, CPB e CFDN para o tratamento DL. Não foi observada influência das dietas sobre o rendimento de carcaça quente e fria. A análise econômica revelou valores de benefício líquido de R$-20,40; R$44,77; R$31,41; 39,10 e taxa de retorno de -12,4 por cento; 31,8 por cento; 20,6 por cento; 32,8 por cento para os tratamentos DR, DC, DM e DL, respectivamente.

The performance and economical viability of using different diets in sheep termination were evaluated. Twenty rams aging seven-month old and averaging initial live body weight of 25kg were used. The experimental period lasted 60 days, with seven adaptation and 53 for body weight evaluation, and feed and leftover sampling. A completely randomized design with four treatments and five repetitions was used. The treatments included: corn + soybean + Tifton 85 hay (DR), corn + soybean + cashew + Tifton 85 hay (DC), corn + soybean + passion fruit + Tifton 85 hay (DM), and corn and cob meal (MDPS) + Tifton 85 hay + leucaena hay (DL). Treatment affected (P<0.05) intakes of dry matter (CMS), crude protein (CPB), and neutral detergent fiber (CFDN). Average body weight gains (g) were 171.60, 218.80, 217.20, and 187.00 for the treatments DR, DC, DM, and DL, respectively. Lower CMS, CPB, and CFDN were observed for DL. There was no effect of diets on the hot and cold carcass yields. Economical analysis indicated liquid profits of R$ -20.40, R$ 44.77, R$ 31.41, and 39.10 and return ratios of 12.4 percent, 31.8 percent, 20.6 percent, and 32.8 percent for DR, DC, DM, and DL, respectively.

Toracoscopia aplicada à ressecção de fragmento pulmonar com o auxílio de sutura mecânica em eqüinos / Thoracoscopy for resection of lung fragment in horses with the aid of mechanical suturing

Este trabalho visou à ressecção de fragmento dorsocaudal do lobo pulmonar caudal esquerdo com o auxílio de sutura mecânica por via toracoscópica. Foram utilizados 10 eqüinos clinicamente sadios, os quais foram sedados e mantidos em estação. O procedimento foi realizado no hemitórax esquerdo, por três acessos previamente programados: o primeiro acesso foi no 12º espaço intercostal (EIC), o segundo no 14º, 15º ou 16º EIC e o terceiro no 14º ou 15º EIC, conforme a necessidade de posicionamento dos instrumentos. Em todos os animais foi possível controlar o pneumotórax, sendo observada evolução clínica satisfatória durante o período pós-operatório, exceto em um animal. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, por meio da videotoracoscopia, pode-se realizar ressecção pulmonar parcial com uso de sutura mecânica em eqüinos e seu emprego na rotina hospitalar poderá contribuir para melhor compreensão e controle de enfermidades sediadas na cavidade torácica.

In this study, a dorsocaudal portion resection of the left caudal lung lobe was performed using an endoscopic stapler by thoracoscopic procedure. Ten healthy horses, eight males and two females were evaluated by clinical examination and submitted to the surgical procedure. The animals were sedated and maintained in standing position. The procedure was done in the left hemitorax using three access previously studied: the first portal was done at the 12th intercostal space (IS); the second one at the 14th, 15th, or 16th IS; and the third one at the 14th or 15th IS, in accordance with the necessity of positioning the instruments. The employed surgical technique seemed to be adequate in all animals, since it helped controlling the existing pneumothorax; furthermore, clinical recovery during the postoperative period was satisfactory, except for one animal. These results suggest that thoracoscopic may successfully be employed for partial lung resection in horses, using endoscopic staplers, and its practical use may contribute to the knowledge and resolution of thoracic diseases.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from mastitic cattle in Brazil / Susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de cepas de Staphylococci coagulase-negativa isoladas de leite de bovinos com mastite no Brasil

Um total de 109 cepas de Staphylococci coagulase-negativa foi isolado de leite de vacas com mastite clínica e subclínica, em 35 fazendas, situadas em nove estados brasileiros, no período de fevereiro a maio de 2005. Os isolados foram investigados em relação a susceptibilidade in vitro a diversos agentes antimicrobianos. A resistência à penicilina foi a observação mais freqüente (93,5 por cento), seguida por sulfonamida (88,9 por cento), novobiocina (88,6 por cento) e ampicilina (85,3 por cento). Todas as cepas examinadas mostraram resistência a pelo menos uma das drogas antimicrobianas testadas. Cepas apresentando resistência múltipla foram extremamente comuns, com 10,0 por cento dos microrganismos isolados apresentando resistência a todas as drogas antimicrobianas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as cepas de Staphylococci coagulase-negativas, isoladas no Brasil, apresentaram um alto grau de resistência a antimicrobianos. Estes resultados são, provavelmente, uma conseqüência da pressão devida ao uso intensivo de drogas antimicrobianas.

Ensaio da aplicação de creme a base de riticum vulgare na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas induzidas em equinos

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Excisão de hematoma paranasal em equino através de sinoscopia vídeo-assistida

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Avaliação clínica de equinos submetidos a pneumotórax induzido por infusão contínua controlada de CO2

O artigo não apresenta resumo.

Disseminated Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and massive protein-losing enteropathy

Symptomatic involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as a prominent symptom in Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is uncommon, occurring in less than 1 to 5 percent of all cases, even when the disease is in its disseminated form. Up to now, there have been reports of 18 cases of LCH with GI manifestations, including our 2 cases, with diarrhea (77.7 percent), protein-losing enteropathy (33.3 percent) and bloody stool being the most frequent findings. The authors present two patients with severe diarrhea and refractory hypoalbuminemia, and with the protein-losing enteropathy documented by Cr51-labeled albumin studies. A review of the literature indicated that the presence of GI symptoms is often associated with systemic disease as well as with poor prognosis, mainly under 2 years of age. Radioisotopes are useful for documenting protein loss in several diseases with high specificity and sensitivity, and their utilization in the cases reviewed here permitted diagnoses in 6 children, as well as improved therapeutic management

Human envenomations due to snakebites in Marilia, State of Säo Paulo, Brazil. A retrospective epidemiological study

Eighty-four patients bitten by venomous snakes were studied retrospectively at the School of Medicine of Marília from January 1990 to August 1994. The majority of these patients were rural workers, 65 (77.38 per cent] males and 19 (22.62 per cent) females, aged eight to seventy-five. Forty-three (51.19 per cent) patients were diagnosed as having been bitten by snakes of the genus Bothrops and 41 (48.81 per cent) by Crotalus. Fifty-eight patients (69.04 per cent ) were bitten in the legs and 26 (30.96 per cent ) in the arms. January, March, April and November were the months of higher incidence of bothropic envenomations, while crotalic envenomations were not recorded only in August and September. This study showed that the prevalence of crotalic envenomations in Marília was higher than that of any other regions in Brazil. Further prospective epidemiological studies are needed for a better understanding of these findings.