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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(6): 812-819, dic. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900057

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: De acuerdo a la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento de la Discapacidad y la Salud (CIF), la participación se define como "el involucramiento del sujeto en situaciones de la vida" y es un aspecto fundamental en el desarrollo de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. En el caso de niños(as) con discapacidad, permite una mejor comprensión del posible impacto de las deficiencias en la vida cotidiana. Objetivo: Evaluar las escalas de medición de la participación en niños, niñas y adolescentes con y sin discapacidad. Método: Revisión sistemática. Se incluyeron estudios de va lidación de instrumentos de evaluación de la participación en niños(as) y adolescentes con y sin discapacidad sin restricción de lenguaje. La búsqueda se realizó en Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud, Opengrey y Google Scholar. Los datos fueron ex traídos y analizados en Microsoft Excel. Registro de protocolo PROSPERO 2015:CRD42015020644. Resultados: De los 1.689 artículos que arrojó la búsqueda electrónica, se identificaron 9 escalas de evaluación de la participación de niños(as) y/o adolescentes con y sin discapacidad. Diversidad en las dimensiones, extensión y aplicación (padres y niños(as)). El número de pacientes incorporados en las validaciones originales es variable, al igual que el porcentaje de niños y/o adolescentes con discapaci dad incluidos en los estudios de validación. Conclusiones: Existe gran variabilidad en las propiedades psicométricas y características de las escalas incluidas en esta revisión, principalmente debido a que el constructo de participación difiere de acuerdo a la cultura, por lo que las escalas seleccionadas re quieren de adaptaciones transculturales para su uso.


Abstract Introduction: According to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), participation is defined as "the involvement of the subject in situations of life" and is fun damental in the development of children and adolescents. In case of children with disabilities, participation allows a better understanding of the possible impact of deficiencies in daily life. Objective: To evaluate measurement scales of participation in children and adolescents with and without disabilities. Method: Systematic review. Validation studies of measurement scales of parti cipation in children and adolescents with and without disabilities without language restriction were included. The search was performed in Pubmed, EMBASE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Health Virtual Library, Opengrey and Google Scholar. The data were extracted and analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Protocol Register PROSPERO 2015: CRD42015020644. Results: 1689 articles were collected through electronic search, 9 scales were selected for analysis. Diversity in size and application bet ween the scales selected was found. The number of patients included in the original validations was variable, as the percentage of children and/or adolescents with disabilities included in the validation studies. Conclusions: There is great variability in the psychometric properties and characteristics of the scales included in this review, mainly for which the participation construct differs according to culture, so the selected scales require transcultural adaptations for their use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Community Participation , Disabled Children , Disability Evaluation , Psychometrics
2.
Mem. Inst. Invest. Cienc. Salud (Impr.) ; 9(2): 57-63, dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: lil-618662

ABSTRACT

El virus de la Hepatitis B se transmite por diversas vías incluyendo la sanguínea, vertical y sexual. Pacientes con severas condiciones mentales están sometidos a mayor riesgo de adquirir cualquier infección viral como virus de hepatitis B, C y VIH. La duración de la estadía en las instituciones mentales tiene influencia en el contagio de la enfermedad y largos periodos de permanencia, incrementan la oportunidad para una transmisión viral. El objetivo fue conocer la frecuencia de antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B y determinar los anticuerpos post vacunales contra la hepatitis en mujeres en edad reproductiva, internadas en un Hospital Psiquiátrico del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social de Asunción- Paraguay. Estudio observacional descriptivo llevado a cabo de mayo 2008 a mayo 2010. Se estudiaron 72 pacientes de sexo femenino, en edad fértil, de 18 a 49 años (promedio de 38 años ± 6). Los sueros fueron analizados para detectar: HBsAg basal y anti-HBs post vacunal por el método de ELISA. En las 72 pacientes estudiadas no se encontró evidencia serológica de la infección por virus de hepatitis B. De las 30 pacientes a quienes se les aplicó 3 dosis de vacuna, 29 presentaron valores protectivos adecuados (mayor a 20 mUI/mL) a los dos meses posteriores a la vacunación, una tuvo un valor inferior a 10 mUI/mL. Con la respuesta obtenida en las pacientes estudiadas en esta institución psiquiátrica, se estaría reduciendo las complicaciones de la hepatitis B e impidiendo la transmisión horizontal a las demás pacientes y al personal de salud de la institución y sobretodo se prevendrá la transmisión de hepatitis B al feto, en casos de embarazo.


Hepatitis virus B is transmitted by various routes including blood, vertical and sexual routes. Patients with severe mental health conditions are at greatest risk of acquiring any viral infection such as hepatitis B, C and HIV. The length of the stay in mental institutions influences the spread of the diseases and long periods of stay increase the opportunity for viral transmission. The objective of this study was to know the frequency of the surface antigen of hepatitis B and determine the post-vaccination antibodies against hepatitis in women of reproductive age, hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare of Asunción, Paraguay. This was an observational descriptive study carried out from May 2008 to May 2010. We studied 72 female patients in childbearing age, from 18 to 49 years (mean 38 years ± 6). Sera were tested for HBsAg and post-vaccination anti-HBs by ELISA. Serological evidence of Hepatitis B virus infection was not found in the 72 patients. Twenty nine out of thirty patients who were administered 3 doses of vaccine had adequate protective values (greater than 20 mIU/mL) at two months after vaccination and one had a value less than 10 mIU/mL. With the response found in the study patients of this mental health institution, the complications of hepatitis B would be reduced and the horizontal transmission to other patients and health personnel of the institution would be prevented and specially the hepatitis B transmission to fetus in case of pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Female , Hepatitis B Antibodies , Hepatitis B , Mental Health , Hepatitis B virus
3.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 42(2): 98-101, abr.-jun. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634651

ABSTRACT

Se evaluó la prevalencia serológica del virus de influenza mediante las pruebas de inhibición de la hemaglutinación (IHA) y ELISA para los subtipos H1N1 y H3N2 en 13 granjas porcinas de Argentina. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos mediante ambas pruebas en términos individuales y de establecimientos. La prevalencia individual por la técnica de IHA fue de 38,46% a 100% para H1 y de 7,69% a 100% para H3. Por la técnica de ELISA, la prevalencia individual fue de 2,33% a 6,9% para H1 y de 9,65% a 48% para H3. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambas técnicas a escala de granja (H1: p=0,20; H3: p=0,11). La concordancia entre las pruebas fue nula al tomar como unidad de referencia el animal (H1: 0,005; H3: 0,070), mientras que en términos de establecimiento fue escasa (H1: 0,350; H3: 0,235). Considerando la alta prevalencia individual obtenida por la prueba de IHA y la alta sensibilidad de esta técnica, se podría sugerir que en las poblaciones porcinas de la Argentina circularon cepas virales humanas o cepas porcinas con gran proximidad filogenética a las utilizadas en este estudio desde el año 2002.


The seroprevalence of the Influenza virus against H1N1 and H3N2 was determined by the hemagglutination-inhibition test (HI) and a commercial swine influenza ELISA kit, in 13 Argentinean swine herds. The results of within-herd and between-herd prevalence obtained by both tests were statistically correlated. The within-herd prevalence observed by the HI test varied from 38.46 to 100% against H1 and 7.69 to 100% for H3. When the within-herd prevalence was measured with the ELISA test, it varied from 2.33 to 6.9% for H1 and 9.65 to 48% for H3. No statistical differences were observed at herd level between HI and ELISA (H1: p = 0. 20; H3: p=0.11). No agreement between HI and ELISA detected prevalence was observed when the within-herd prevalence was compared (H1: 0.005; H3: 0.070), while the agreement at herd level was considered poor (H1: 0,350; H3: 0,235). The high within-herd prevalence values observed with the HI test and the high sensibility of this test might show that human strains or swine strains phylogenetically closely related to the humans strains used in the HI test in this study have been affecting the swine population since 2002.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests/veterinary , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary , Sus scrofa/virology , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification , Influenza A virus/classification , Influenza A virus/immunology , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/virology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology , Predictive Value of Tests , Seasons , Sensitivity and Specificity , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Swine Diseases/diagnosis , Swine Diseases/virology , Swine/virology
5.
P. R. health sci. j ; 25(1): 31-34, Mar. 2006.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-472645

ABSTRACT

Studies relating breast-feeding, malocclusion and parafunctional habits in young children are scarce. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations of a history of breast-feeding, incidence of malocclusion and parafunctional habits. METHODS: The dental records of a sample of 540 children aged 6 to 72 months screened for oral conditions and behavioral risk factors were evaluated for variables such as a history of breastfeeding, malocclusion and parafunctional habits. Descriptive statistics using the EPI-INFO Program and Chi-square test at the 0.05 level of probability were performed. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean age of the children was 28 months +/- 14. The mothers' mean age was 26.4 years +/- 6. The prevalence of breast-feeding was 34with a mean breast-feeding time period of 3 m +/- 3.7. About 95of the children had a history of bottle-feeding and 90showed some evidence of malocclusion at the time of dental examination. The main malocclusion problems were space deficiency (closed contacts among incisors) (31), open bites (6) and crossbites (5). A habit of thumb sucking was reported in 32of the cases and pacifier use in 21. there were significant differences for the following variables: mother's age and breast-feeding time period; number of children in family and breast-feeding time period; breast-feeding history and breast-feeding time with bottle use, malocclusion and thumb sucking habit; and gender and thumb-sucking habit. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that breast-feeding practices and time period are behavioral factors that contribute in the prevention of malocclusion in addition to decreasing the practice of parafunctional habits in preschool children.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Fingersucking , Malocclusion/epidemiology , Puerto Rico
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