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Background: The Information technology has revolu?onized many changes throughout the society, and also in bringing up the economic growth of the country.IT professionals are prone to various job-related complaints and symptoms which can be reduced or eliminated by using proper ergonomics. The present study was carried out to study the prevalence of Musculoskeletal disorders among the Informa?on technology (IT) professionals and to determine the factors associated with musculoskeletal problems. Objec?ves:1.To study the prevalence of Musculoskeletal disorders among the Informa?on Technology (IT) professionals. 2. To determine the factors associated with Musculoskeletal disorders among IT Professionals. Methodology: A cross-sec?onal study was done among 400 Informa?on technology professionals of selected IT companies of Visakhapatnam city using mul?stage sampling technique. Structured Interview schedule was taken to collect socio-demographic, personal and working details of employees. Standardised Nordic Musculoskeletal ques?onnaire was used to assess the work-related musculoskeletal symptoms in rela?on to various body regions during last 12 months and last 1 week. Results:The overall musculoskeletal disorders among IT professionals was 74% of which lower back (56.7%) is the most common body region affected in the last 12 months followed by neck (43%), shoulder (28.2%), wrist/hand (8.5%), elbow (5.7%), knee (4%) and ankle (3.7%). Conclusions: The study concludes that, prevalence of work-related health problems among IT professionals are of concern. Work related musculoskeletal problems were widely reported and it was observed that, individuals who have regular physical ac?vity are less prone to Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD).
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Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in the world, and it is the main cause of death and morbidity in Indian women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a routine exam that can detect 40% of breast abnormalities and involves two key components that is looking and feeling. Women should learn what is normal for them, so that they can recognize any changes immediately. Aim & objectives: 1) To assess Knowledge and Practice about Breast Self-Examination. 2) To assess awareness about warning signs of Breast cancer. Methodology: A Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 55 Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) in the month of January 2021 in the Rural field practice area of Rural Health Centre (RHC) attached to the Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Visakhapatnam. A predesigned, semi structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practice of BSE. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS Version 17. Chi square test was applied to find out the statistical associations if any between categorical variables. Results: In the present study only 1.8% of the ASHA workers were found to have good knowledge. 41.8% and 56.3% had average and poor knowledge respectively about BSE. Out of 55 ASHA workers, 39 (71%) have heard of BSE, 25.4% were practicing regularly and 14.5% of them were practicing correct method. Conclusion: The Knowledge and Practice of BSE among ASHA workers was observed to be inadequate which points out the need for training programs to educate them.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of task-oriented therapy and mirror therapy on improving hand function in post-stroke patients. Subjects and Methods Total subjects 30 were randomly divided into two groups: the task-oriented group (15 patients) and the mirror therapy group (15 patients). The task-oriented group underwent task-oriented training for 45mins a day for 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The mirror therapy group underwent a mirror therapy program under the same schedule as task-oriented therapy. The manual dexterity and motor functioning of the hand were evaluated before the intervention and 4 weeks after the intervention by using FMA (Fugl-Meyer assessment) and BBT (Box & Block test). Results Hand function of all patients increased significantly after the 4-week intervention program on the evaluation of motor function and manual dexterity by FMA and BBT in both the groups of Task-Oriented approach and Mirror therapy, but Group A Task-oriented approach improved more significantly when compared to Group B Mirror therapy. Conclusion The treatment effect was more in patients who received a Task-Oriented approach compared to Mirror therapy. These findings suggest that the Task-Oriented approach was more effective in post stoke hand function rehabilitation.
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Background: The shoulder is a complex joint that plays a crucial role in many activities of daily living. Adhesive capsulitis is defined as a painful and disabling condition in which the capsule and the connective tissue surrounding the glenohumeral (GH) joint becomes inflamed, leading to restriction of range of motion in the joint. A wide range of physical therapy interventions are used to improve the joint range of motion in subjects with adhesive capsulitis. Earlier, isolated studies were done on the effectiveness of paraffin wax therapy and ultrasound therapy in subjects with adhesive capsulitis. The need of the present study was to compare the effect of paraffin wax therapy with manual mobilization and ultrasound therapy with manual mobilization on pain, shoulder ROM and functional status in diabetic subjects with adhesive capsulitis. Methods: Subjects for the study were recruited from the outpatient department of endocrinology and physiotherapy. The size of the sample is 80 (eighty subjects) 40 in each group, and study design is an experimental study design (Non-randomized open-label study). The pretreatment values of pain and functional status of the shoulder were assessed using Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) scale and ROM was assessed using a universal goniometer. The subjects in the paraffin wax therapy group received wax therapy for 10 minutes and undergone manual mobilization. The subjects in the ultrasound therapy group received ultrasound therapy (3MHz) for 10 minutes and undergone manual mobilization. The treatment was given for 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks and post-treatment values were noted for the subjects of both the groups. Results: There was an improvement of ROM of external rotation, pain & functional status of the shoulder in subjects who underwent paraffin wax therapy with mobilization and ultrasound therapy with mobilization. When comparing both the groups, the subjects who underwent paraffin wax therapy with mobilization have better outcomes than ultrasound therapy with the mobilization group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: There was an improvement of ROM of external rotation, pain & functional status of the shoulder in subjects who underwent paraffin wax therapy with mobilization and ultrasound therapy with mobilization. When comparing both the groups, the subjects who underwent paraffin wax therapy with mobilization have better outcomes than ultrasound therapy with the mobilization group.
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Background: Teaching in India is still controlled by teacher-centered class room which would make them bored and exhausted. Educators now strive to provide the most productive class room experience for their students by facilitating small group discussions within the larger class such as seminar presentation by the students etc. Hence the present study was done to assess the perception of medical students regarding seminars in the curriculum towards a small group teaching activity. Objective is to assess the perception of medical students regarding seminars as a teaching learning activity.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 4th semester undergraduate medical students of Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh in the month of June 2016 to assess their perception regarding seminars in the curriculum. A pre-designed, pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: Total number of study participants were 136. Majority 110 (80.9%) of them agreed that seminar is a good academic activity and is helpful in learning. Around 96 (70%) of the students opined that seminars help students engage in higher order thinking tasks. Majority 93.4% agreed that seminars help students to overcome nervousness. About 91.9% felt seminars improve self-confidence and personality development.Conclusions: Students view that, seminars are more effective in deep understanding of the subject and critical thinking than didactic lectures and helps the students to improve self confidence and communication skills.
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Background: Adolescent girls constitute 1/5th of total female population in the world. Poor personal hygiene and defective menstrual management practices among adolescents give rise to repeated reproductive tract infections (RTIs) which are otherwise preventable. So the present study was undertaken to study the knowledge, status of hygiene and practices regarding menstruation among adolescent girls. The objectives of the study were to study the knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene among study population and to identify beliefs, perception regarding menstruation and menstrual practices among the study population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in the month of November 2017 in the rural field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam. The study was done in a high school selected by simple random sampling among 400 adolescent girls who had attained menarche and were present in the schools during the days of survey after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval, permission from the school authority and informed consent was taken from study participants. The sample size was calculated Using 4PQ/L2 with 5% absolute precision (p=36% from previous studies).Results: Mean age of study participants was 14.2yrs ±1.05. About 206(48.4%) knew about menstrual cycle before their menarche. Majority of study participants (78.3%) used sanitary pad as protective material. Regarding hygienic practices during menstruation 78.8% had daily bath.Conclusions: Awareness about menarche before its onset was still poor in rural areas.
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o evaluate incidence of secondary glaucoma in post traumatic cases and correlates with the type of injuryMaterials & Methodology TheData wasobtained from the records of 140 patient and reviewedand analysed from apr-2011 –December 2013.Results :The 32 months incidence of developing posttraumatic glaucoma was 11.39%.Need for glaucoma surgery was independtly associated with a)Angle+ iris injury (46 cases , 32.85%)b)Corneal + iris injury (15 cases , 10.71%)c)Lens injury (56 cases , 40%)d)Angle recession (21 cases,15%)e)Presence of optic atrophy (16 cases , 11.42%)f)H/o penetrating trauma(17 cases , 12.14%)g)Vitreal injury 7 cases ( 5% ) Conclusions:This study estimates incidence 11.36% for the developing secondary glaucoma after ocular trauma associated with closed globed injury , blunt trauma. This study provides an estimate for the risk of developing glaucoma after ocular contusion in a large cohort study population and has determined several independently predictive factors that were significantly associated with development of posttraumatic glaucoma. Theseincluded poor visual acuity, advancing age , lens injury, angle recession.
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Background: The objective was to study the development and histogenesis of human foetal lung in relation with different gestational age. Methods: In the present study lung specimens were collected from formalin fixed 27 aborted foetuses (14 male, 13 female) by abdominal dissection between 6 weeks to 40 weeks of gestational age. Results: In the present study we observed that there was a delay in the appearance of embryonic, pseudo glandular phase, canalicular, terminal saccular and alveolar stages of the lung. Conclusion: Delay in the developmental anatomy and histogenesis of the lung cells leads to histopathological abnormalities which gives knowledge to the clinicians during clinical procedures.
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Earlier work from this laboratory had identified, mapped and characterised an intragenic suppressor (fitA24) as well as an extragenic suppressor (fitB) for the temperature-sensitive transcription defective mutation fitA76 in Escherichia coli In this communication we report the results of experiments on RNA synthesis and decay of pulse labelled RNA in strains harbouring fit Α76, fitB, fitA24, fitA76-fitA24, fitA76-fitB mutation(s) as well as in the isogenic fitA+ fitB+ strain. Taken together with earlier results, this indicates that the fitA and fitB gene products could be involved in the expression of some classes of genes including genes coding for ribosomal proteins. The implications of these results for the in vivo control of transcription in Escherichia coli are discussed.