Effect of sex hormones on progression of diabetic renal disease in experimental model of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

In diabetes there is a state of imbalance in the sex hormone levels However, whether these changes in sex hormone correlate with the decline in renal function associated with diabetes is unclear Was to study the effect of 17 beta estradiole in female and testosterone propionate in male diabetic or gonadectionzed diabetic animals on the progression of diabetic renal disease. This work was carried on 40 female and 40 male wistar rats each was furtherly divided into five groups 8 rats each, normal control, diabetic, gonadectomized diabetic, 17 beta estradiol is given to female and testosterone propionate to male diabetic and gonadectomized diabetic. In all groups 24 hours urine, albumin excretion, blood urea, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, fasting blood glucose, reduced glutathione, and malonaldelhyde were measured. Histopathological examination of the kidney of all animals studied were done. Evidence of deterioration of kidney function in diabetic compared to normal and this deterioration become worse with evidence of oxidative stress and hyperglycemia in gonadectomized diabetic of both sexes compared to diabetic alone. 17 beta estradiol, given to diabetic female or ovariectomizead diabetic causes improvement of all renal parameters, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic effect. Testosterone propionate given to diabetic or castrated diabetic causes insignificant change in kidney function when compared to diabetic without testosterone. All these results was evidenced with histopathogical changes in the kidney of all groups studied, however castration causes hyperglycemia which is improved by testosterone also there is evidences of oxidative stress in diabetic male rats and insignificant changes in reduced glutathione and malonaldehyde in castrated male and when testosterone is given to diabetic or castrated diabetic. Estradiol, therapy is renoprotective which could be taken as effective regimen to attenuate the onset and progression of diabetic renal disease. Also caution should be taken when testosterone is considered as a treatment in diabetic with renal complication

Effect of N-acetylcysteine on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine, on interleukin-6, superoxide dismutase activity, and protein kinase C activity in normal and diabetic rat hearts. Rats were divided into four groups eight rats each, control, control treated, diabetic, and diabetic treated groups. One week after induction of diabetes, N-acetylcysteine was administered to the control treated and diabetic treated groups in a dose of 1.5 g/kg daily for eight weeks by intragastric tube. The results of the present work showed that streptozotocin induced diabetes is associated with increased superoxide dismutase activity, interleukin-6 in plasma and cardiac tissue, and increased protein kinase CB2 activity in cardiac tissue. Further, diabetic rats exhibited cardiac hypertrophy indicated by increased heart to body weight and ventricular to body weight ratios. N-acetylcysteine treatment to diabetic rate causes significant decrease in all previous parameters also it significantly attenuate the increase in heart to body weight and ventricular to body weight ratios. These data support the hypothesis that the oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and N-acetylcysteine an effective antioxidant have a beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy

effect of crude extract of purslane on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis

Purslane is a highly nutritious food. It was considered to have haemostatic properties. Purslane succulent leaves contain the highest concentration of essential omega-3 fatty acids. Humans and other mammals can't make omega-3 fatty acids so, they must be taken directly from food. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of crude extract of purslane on coagulation factors and fibrinolysis in albino rat. This study was conducted on twenty Albino rats weighing 200-250 gm divided into two groups one control and the other take purslane alcohol extract in a dose of 5gm/kg by intragastric tube for three weeks. All animals were scarified and blood samples were collected in 3.8% sodium citrate and analyzed for prothrombin time, activated partial thrombolplastin, coagulation factor II, VII, X and plasminogen activator inhibitor. The results show significant increase in prothrombin time significant decrease in coagulation factor II, VII X while activated partial thromboplastin time show insignificant change. As regard plasminogen activator inhibitor it showed significant increase. In conclusion purslane crude extract with its high content with omega-3 fatty acids can prolong coagulation time but has reverse effect on fibrinolysis