Immunohistochemical expression of cell-cycle proteins in renal cell carcinoma and their prognostic significance

Molecular markers that predict prognosis more than stage and grade remain the elusive holy grail of renal cell carcinoma [RCC researchers]. Many molecules have been identified, as a consequence of the elucidation of the molecular biology of RCC progression and metastasis, but few have remained significant above clinical and pathologic factors in multivariate analysis. The goal of the study was to evaluate Immunohistochemical expression of the cell-cycle regulatory proteins p27 [Kipl] and cyclin E in normal human kidneys and renal cell carcinoma [RCC] tissues. Association was analyzed with cancer clinical parameters. We have examined the protein contents of cyclin E and p27 in 57 cases of RCCs, using immunohistochemistry. We found significantly increased expression of p27 in normal tissue relative to tumor [p=0.015]. Low protein content of p27 was associated with high TNM stage, lymph node status and poor prognosis for patients with renal cell carcinoma. No significant association with grade, gender or age we further observed substantial differences in the pattern of G1/S regulatory defects between the different RCC subtypes. The majority of both conventional and papillary cases expressed p2'7, however, chromophobe tumours generally showed low p27 staining. Conversely, high expression of cyclin E was demonstrated in renal cell carcinoma tissue relative to normal kidney [p=0.027] and was associated with high nuclear grade and stage. No significant association with lymph node metastases, gender, age, tumor recurrence, death or survival. We further observed that papillary RCCs exhibited high cyclin E than other two subtypes. In conclusion, this study shown that cyclin E as well as p27 were deregulated in renal cell carcinoma and that loss of p27[Kipl] expression is a risk factor for the disease recurrence and cancer-related patient death

Role of Helicobacter pylori [H.pylori] infection and cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] expression in chronic gastritis and gastric carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study

Malignant tumors of the stomach are common, but the incidence of stomach cancer varies from country to another, probably as a result of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Stomach cancer often occurs in older people whose stomachs produce only small quantities of acid. Although infection with Helicobacter pylori has been proven beyond doubt in the aetiopathogenesis of various gastric disorders, not much is known about the role of H.pylori infection in onset and progression of chronic gastritis as well as gastric cancer. Although recent studies have indicated that the clinicopathological parameters in patients with gastric carcinoma, the prognosis of advanced cancer still remains unsatisfactory. This study aimed at investigating the expression of H pylori antibody and cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] in cases with chronic gastritis and gastric carcinomas and to correlate this expression with various clinicopathological parameters. Paraffin sections from previously diagnosed chronic gastritis [CG] and gastric carcinomas [GC] were classified, graded and staged according to the updated for CG and the World Health Organization [WHO], for GC. Two sections were immunohistochemically stained for antibodies against H.pylori and COX-2. One section was stained with Feulgen stain for assessment of ploidy and proliferative activity using the Image analyzer system CAS 200. Infection with H.pylori and cox-2 overex-pression are common in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric carcinoma. Both anti-H pylori and cox-2 proteins are implicated in gastric carcinogenesis and their over expression may be a good predicator for worse prognosis and poor patient's outcome

Expression of cell regulatory proteins C-erb B-2 and Bcl-2 in epithelial ovarian tumors

Ovarian cancer remains the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy in many countries. Lack of symptoms in the early stages of disease with consequent delay in diagnosis continues to result in poor overall survival. The expression of cell regulatory proteins was studied in an attempt to find the role of these proteins in differential diagnosis and progression of ovarian tumors. Sixty five cases with epithelial ovarian tumors [35 serous, 24 mucinous, 4 cases endometroid carcinomas and 2 cases were undifferentiated tumors were evaluated for expression of c-erbB-2 and bcl-2 by immunohistochemical technique and correlated with clinical parameters such as type, grade, and stage-Expression of c-erbB2 was significantly differed among the various types of ovarian tumors [p=0.01], highly expressed in undifferentiated, high grade, and advanced stage tumors in contrast to its weak expression or loss in benign, variety. While the bcl-2 was significantly lost in more aggressive tumors but strong expression was observed in benign lesions .p=0.01. In ovarian tumors, proto-oncogene c-erbB-2 and antiapoptotic gene bcl-2 had a role in behavior and differentiation of these tumors

Histopathological, immuno-histochemical and electronmicroscopic study [EM] of soft tissue sarcoma

Sixty eight cases of soft tissue sarcoma [STS] selected from the files of Pathology Departments, Benha Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University and National Cairo Institute- Cairo University, during the period from 1993 to 1997, were examined by light microscopy and class Wed into 44 differentiated cases [64.7%] and 24 undifferentiated cases [35.3%]. The differentiated cases were studied by histochemical and immunohistochemical stains using a panel of Antibodies. We applied the results of histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical reactivity of classified cases -on the 24 undifferentiated cases in trial to classify them. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were of most value in classification of 18 [75%] out of 24 undifferentiated cases as: 4 cases liposarcoma, 4 malignant fibrous histiocytoma [MFH], 4 leiomyosarcoma, 2 angiosarcoma, one case of monophasic synovial sarcoma and 3 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma. Combination of electron microscopic [E.M.] with light microscopic examination, [L.M], histochemical and immunohistochemical stains resulted in a specific diagnosis in 4 out of 6 unclassified cases [66.7%], This work supports the view that L.M. readily discriminate between differentiated tumor types. Special histochemical stains could be supportive and confirmation. Immunohistochemical markers together with appropriate clinical and histological features can minimize the number of undifferentiated sarcomas. In problematic cases, immunohistochemical and E.M. have complementary role