Dimensional change in soft tissues with complete dental prosthesis and its effect on airway space and natural head position.

Background: Insertion of the intraoral prosthesis causes deflection of the tongue, soft palate affecting the patency of the airway. Aims: To evaluate the cephalometric soft tissue variation in tongue, soft palate, and its effect on posterior airway space in edentulous patients with the insertion of the denture. Settings and Design: Randomized controlled trial. Materials and Methods: Complete denture (CD) prosthesis was fabricated for first time denture wearers comprising 22 males and 18 females within the age range of 50–65 years. Lateral skull radiographs were taken for each of the subjects in their resting position without CDs (T0), with CDs (T1) at least 1‑week postinsertion and after 6 months of usage (T2), respectively. The reference points, lines, and angles on the cephalometric films were used to evaluate the position or inclination of the head, variations in tongue position and length, the changes in the anteroposterior dimension of the soft palate, and posterior airway space variations. Intra‑investigator error variance was not found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Statistical Analysis Used: Using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v16.0 the significant difference in the paired samples (without CD and with CD) was found using the paired t‑test. The probability value P = 0.05 is considered as a significant level. Results: On comparison of T1 and T0, the heads were more extended with the downward position of the tongue with an increase in its length and the posterior airway space was decreased in T1. Significant differences in values were not observed between T1 and T2. Conclusions: With CDs, the change in airway space was related to alteration in soft palate and tongue dimension. There were no changes in dimension at 6 months follow‑up.

Vascular permeability and Evans blue dye: a physiological and pharmacological approach.

The acute inflammatory response consists of three main vascular effects: vasodilatation and increased blood flow, increased vascular permeability, and leukocytosis into the injured tissues. All three events are induced relatively quickly, and, for all three, the pattern of response is complex but consistent. Evans blue dye is an alkaline stain, so there is an affinity for the alkali in the acidic nucleus. The use of Evans blue dye as an in vivo marker through vascular permeability, facilitates the investigation of the effect of pathological changes in various disorders mainly, immunological disorders, inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cancers and others. Endothelials have pathophysiological roles in pulmonary hypertension, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, cerebral vasospasm and inflammatory processes. The present review discussed with role of evans blue in the assessment of vascular permeability for the various pharmacological activities which are helps for the future investigations

Identification of novel indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis isolates.

Internally Transcribed Spacers (ITS) characterization and distribution of Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic (REP) sequences were studied in the genome of 223 field isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from Madurai, India. They were characterized by morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. One hundred and twenty four of a total 223 isolates fitted ITS characterization of B. thuringiensis varieties known. Significant genomic variation was observed among seven isolates using REP primers. The ITS PCR product (EMBL accession number AJ639659) exhibited 98% nucleotide sequence homology with B. thuringiensis and placed the origin of indigenous isolate LDC-7 closer to B. thuringiensis on the basis of phylogenetic analysis.

Effect of water stress and heavy metals on induction of somatic embryogenesis in wheat leaf base cultures.

In vitro cultures of plant tissues are known to mimic the response of field-grown plants when subjected to stress treatments. This investigation on Triticum aestivum explores the effect of drought stress on somatic embryogenesis and endogenous proline content. Leaf bases were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (10 microM) and different concentrations of PEG (2.5, 5, 7.5%) or mannitol (0.25 and 0.5 M) and also subjected to different periods of aerial drying in the laminar flow for one-day and subsequently transferred to MS basal medium. PEG treatment induced a high percentage (up to 50%) of embryoid formation. However, with mannitol and aerial drying, percentage of embryoid formation decreased with increasing concentrations and duration. After ten days, the endogenous proline content of explants treated with different concentrations of PEG, mannitol and different durations of aerial drying increased with increasing concentration and increasing duration of the treatment, thus, corroborating the role of proline as an osmolyte during stress conditions. Similarly, addition of metals such as cadmium and cobalt caused a reduction in percentage explants depicting embryogenesis. However, when cadmium was employed alone, 22% explants displayed somatic embryogenesis as compared to 54% in 2,4-D treated cultures.