ABSTRACT
Aim: To assess the clinical presenta?on and laboratory derangements of pediatric covid-19 pa?ents admi?ed to the ter?ary care hospital. Methodology: The present retrospec?ve study was started a?er the approval of the Ins?tu?onal Ethics Commi?ee. Clinical (Sp02, final diagnosis and outcome) and biochemical parameters (Complete Blood Count, Liver Func?on Test, Renal Func?on Test, Lactate De-Hydrogenase, D-dimer, C-Reac?ve Protein, and Serum ferri?n) of pediatric covid-19 pa?ents were collected from Central Laboratory and Medical Record Department of our ins?tu?on. Pa?ent names were anonymized and data were analyzed. The results are expressed in percentages. Results: A total of 16 pediatric covid-19 pa?ent details were iden?fied and collected who were admi?ed during our study period. Out of 16 pa?ents, 09 (56.2%) were female and the remaining 07 (43.7%) were male. Out of 16, 05 pa?ents had mild covid, 07 were moderate and the remaining 04 suffered from severe covid-19 infec?on. The mean values of oxygen satura?on, LDH, D-dimer, CRP, and Ferri?n were 88%, 249.4U/L, 1140.9 ng/ml, 16.17 mg/dl, and 61.7 µg/L respec?vely. Mean values of 17.9 mg/dl and 0.4 mg/dl were recorded for blood urea and S.crea?nine. Regarding liver func?on tests, mean values of 1.7mg/dl, 0.2mg/dl, 1.5mg/dl, 82.4 U/L, 55 U/L, 135.6 U/L respec?vely noted for total bilirubin, direct, indirect, SGOT, SGPT and ALP. Regarding pa?ent outcomes, all the pa?ents were covered and discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: The present study has found an increase in laboratory mean values of liver func?on tests but the mean values of C-Reac?ve protein, LDH, and d-dimer which are the acute inflammatory markers are highly disrupted compared to normal ranges.
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Aims: The aim of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the microshear bond strength (MSBS) of etch‑and‑rinse and self‑etch (ER and SE) bonding systems to dentin pretreated with silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide (SDF/KI) and nanoleakage at the resin‑dentin interface using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Subjects and Methods: Seventy‑two dentin slabs of 3 mm thickness were prepared from extracted human permanent third molars and divided into four groups (n = 18) based on the dentin surface treatment as follows: (1) ER adhesive bonding without dentin pretreatment; (2) SDF/KI pretreatment of dentin followed by ER adhesive bonding; (3) SE adhesive bonding without dentin pretreatment; and (4) SDF/KI pretreatment of dentin followed by SE adhesive bonding. Resin composite was built on the dentin slabs to a height of 4 mm incrementally, and dentin‑composite beams of approximately 1 mm2 cross‑sectional area were prepared. The beams were subjected to MSBS analysis, and the fractured surface was observed under scanning electron microscope to determine the mode of failure. The resin‑dentin interface was examined under TEM for evaluation of nanoleakage. Statistical Analysis Used: One‑way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison tests. Results: Pretreatment of dentin with SDF/KI increased the MSBS of ER and SE adhesives, though not statistically significant, except between Groups 2 and 3. In all the groups, the predominant mode of failure was adhesive followed by cohesive in resin, mixed and cohesive in dentin. TEM examination of resin‑dentin interface showed that pretreatment with 38% SDF/KI reduced nanoleakage regardless of the type of bonding system used. Conclusions: Pretreatment of dentin with SDF/KI minimized nanoleakage at the resin‑dentin interface without adversely affecting the bond strength of resin composite to dentin.
ABSTRACT
Background: Boswellia serrata (BS) has been described in the ancient Ayurvedic texts Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita. It possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-arthritic and antioxidant properties. It is found that BS helps in surging of GABA levels in mice brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible anxiolytic activity of BS in Swiss albino mice by light and dark arena (LDA) and elevated plus maze (EPM) models. Methods: In this study, BS (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg; p.o) was evaluated for anxiolytic action and compared with standard drug (diazepam) and control (normal saline) in mice by LDA and EPM models. In LDA, number of entries and time spent in light and dark boxes were noted for individual mouse. Similarly, number of entries and time spent in open and closed arms were recorded for EPM model. Results: One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test was used to analyze the data. BS in a dose of 50 mg/kg has shown significant increase in time spent in light box (p<0.05) and decrease in time spent in dark box (p<0.05) when compared to control group in LDA model. Similarly, in EPM model 200 mg/kg of BS significantly increased time spent in open arm (p<0.001) and decrease in time spent in closed arm (p<0.001) when compared to control group. Conclusion: BS in dose of 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg has significant anxiolytic action in animal models.
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Aims: To estimate fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum ferritin, HbA1c and serum nitric oxide levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects and compare the values with non diabetic individuals and also to assess the correlation analysis between the biochemical parameters in type 2 DM subjects. Study Design: A case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out from June 2012 to June 2013 in Bapuji Hospital and Chigateri General Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India. Methodology: A total of 87 subjects were included in the present study of which 56 type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and 31 control subjects. FPG, serum ferritin, HbA1c and serum nitric oxide were estimated in all subjects. Results: Intergroup comparison of biochemical parameters was done by unpaired “t” test and correlation between the parameters by Pearson’s coefficient analysis. The estimated mean levels (mean SEM) of FPG, serum ferritin, HbA1c and serum nitric oxide in control group were 98.06±1.30, 84.6±6.61, 5.46±0.15 and 39.0±0.84 respectively. Similarly, in type 2 diabetic patients mean levels of 179.5±7.11, 457.9±53.7, 9.49±0.25, and 100.9±3.5 were obtained for respective parameters. Mean values of all parameters were found to be significantly increased In DM subjects (P=.001) when compared to control group. Moreover, Serum ferritin has shown significant positive correlation with HbA1c and serum nitric oxide in type 2 DM patients with ‘P’ value of .05. Conclusion: The present study suggests that iron over load is one of the major factors in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM. Decreasing iron stores may reduce the oxidative stress, improve the vascular endothelial dysfunction and also improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 DM subjects.