The Ability of Biodentine™ of Guided Tissue Remineralization (GTR): Analysis Using SEM, EDX and TEM

Objective: To analyze the Biodentine™ capability in guided tissue remineralization. Material and Methods: Four premolar with two cavities per tooth of 3 mm depth were demineralized with EDTA 17% in shaking incubator at 37°C temperature. After 7 days, the sample were washed with aquabidest then were soaked in 20 ml NaCl 1 M (pH 7.0) at 25°C temperature for 8 hours. The samples were divided into two groups: G1: The control group (cavity directly restored with composite resin); G2: Biodentine™ group (cavity with Biodentine™ as a base then restored with composite resin). All samples were stored in shaking incubator under PBS solution at 37°C temperature. SEM, EDX and TEM analysis were performed on the 7th and 14th day. Results: The 14th day Biodentine group had the best SEM remineralization feature with irregular dentine tubular features covered by density of mass. In the EDX analysis, the concentration of calcium ion of the Biodentine group was higher than the control group on the 7th day analysis (Biodentin™ 10.2167 and control 1.9667) and on the 14th day analysis (Biodentine™ 29.833 and Control 22.080). The Biodentine™ group and control group of the 7th and 14th day experienced significant increases in calcium ion concentration while the concentration of phosphate ion in the Biodentine™ and control group had a much lower value of calcium either on the 7th or 14th day. The TEM analysis of Biodentine™ group showed more intrafibrillar remineralization than the control group. The feature of intrafibrillar dentin remineralization is analyzed by looking at the density of black dots in collagen. Conclusion: Biodentine™ is able to trigger the process of remineralization by guided tissue remineralization.

Comparison of Apical Adaptation Between Several Obturation Methods: An in Vitro Study

Objective: To compare lateral compaction obturation with carrier-based gutta-percha and downpack-backfill. Material and Methods: Ninety tooth with single root canal were prepared with rotary Protaper and divided into 3 groups: Group 1 obturated with lateral heated compaction (LHC), Group 2 with carrier-based gutta-percha (CP) and Group 3 with downpack-backfill (DB). The apical one-third adaptation was determined by examining the dye penetration between obturation material and root canal wall on the horizontal cut samples. The data received was analyzed using SPSS 17 software. Chi-square statistical test was done with level of significance (α) of 0.05. Results: The DB group had the highest amount of score of 0, followed by CP group and LHC group. The DB group had 28 samples (93.3%) with score of 0, which was the largest compared to the CP and LHC group. All groups had some score 2, and score 3 and 4 were only examined in the LHC group Adaptation of the apical one-third on DB group had the best result, followed by CP and LHC group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The adaptation of apical one-third by downpack-backfill was the best among the three groups, but there was no statistically significant difference among those groups.