Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of Hyssopus officinalis in mice

Background and Objective: Finding the pain relieving substances is one of the important aims of biological researches. This study was done to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory effects of Hyssopus officinalis extract in mice

Methods: In this experimental study, 100 male adult mice were allocated into 5 experimental groups including control group receiving only normal saline and groups that received extract of Hyssopus officinalis at doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/bw, and positive control group in formalin test received morphine in acute and chronic phase of experiment and positive control group in anti-inflammatory test received dexamethasone. Formalin-induced paw licking was used to determine the antinociceptive activity of Hyssopus officinalis extract. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by Xylene test

Results: In the acute phase of pain [the first 5 minutes], doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg/bw [7.75+/-2.3, 8.75+/-2.1] of the Hyssopus officinalis extract significantly reduced the number of feet raised [P<0.05]. Also, in the chronic phase of pain [20 min second], 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/bw of doses [17.25+/-2.3, 11.75+/-2.9, 2.7+/-10.75] and morphine significantly reduced the duration of foot lift [P<0.05]. The extract of Hyssopus officinalis with three doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/bw [13.33+/-3.1, 20+/-3.1, 19.83+/-2.8] showed high anti-inflammatory activity against Xylene induced ear edema [P<0.05]

Conclusion: This study showed that Hyssopus officinalis extract can inhibit pain and inflammation in animal model

effect of gold nanoparticle on renal function in rats

This study aimed to address the gold nanoparticle[GNP]-dose and exposure duration effect on the kidney function of rats: in vivo. A total of 32 healthy male Wistar rats were used in this study. Animals were randomly divided into groups, three GNP-treated groups and control group. Group 1, 2 and 3 received. /5 cc of solution containing 5, 10,100 ppm Au via IP injection for 7 successive days, respectively. The control group was treated with 0.5% normal saline. Several biochemical parameters such as BUN [blood urea nitrogen], creatine and uric acid were evaluated at various time points [7 and 14 days]. After 14 days, the tissue of kidney was collected and investigated. There was no significant difference between the control and the intervention group regarding the amount of creatine-BUN and uric acid. The amount of creatine-BUN and uric acid showed increase in all the groups [except group1 [creatine] and group 2 [uric acid]] in the 7 and 14 days after intervention compared to the control group, but this difference was not significant. Results of histopatological tissue kidney showed: in group 1 and 3, complete destruction of the proximal tubules and distal cortical, in group 2, almost complete destruction of proximal tubules and distal. The induced histological alterations might be an indication of injured renal tubules due to GNPs toxicity that become unable to deal with the accumulated residues resulting from metabolic and structural disturbances caused by these NPs

acute liver injury in rat caused by gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles [GNPs] command a great deal of attention for biomedical applications nowadays. The data about the degree of toxicity and the accumulation of gold nanoparticles in-vivo is not enough to judge. A total of 32 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 including: three GNP-treated and one control group. Groups 1, 2 and 3 received 0.5 cc of a solution containing 5, 10, and 100 ppm Au daily via intraperitoneal [IP] injection for 7 days, respectively. The control group was treated with 0.5 cc normal saline with same procedure. Then, several biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetat transaminase [SGOT] and serum glutamate pyrvate transaminase [SGPT] were evaluated at 2, 7 and 14 days after the last injection. After 14 days, all the rats were sacrificed and liver, lung tissues were separated and evaluated. SGOT two days after intervention was significantly greater in the group 2 than the control group. In liver histological assessment, in group 1, basophils were observed around the central veins, in group 2 fading and no observation of central veins was seen, and in group 3 hepatic damage was noticed. The lung histological results showed severe vascular hyperemia in group 1, air sacs damage in group 2, and complete air sacs destruction in group 3. The results showed extreme changes in the histopathology of lung and liver tissues caused by spherical nanogold with 5-10 nm size in all of three treatment groups

Acute effect of nano-copper on liver tissue and function in rat

This paper reports on the toxicity of CuO NPs on hepatic enzymes and liver and lung histology. To assess the toxicity of copper nanoparticles [10-15 nm] in vivo, pathological examinations and blood biochemical indexes including serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase [SGOT] and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT] at various time points [2, 7 and 14 days] were studied. Thirty two Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Treatment groups [group 1, 2, 3] received CuO NP solution containing 5, 10 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Control group received 0.5 mL of normal saline via ip injection for 7 consecutive days. After 14 days, the tissue of liver and lung were collected and investigated for their histological problems. The histology of the hepatic tissues showed vasculature in central veins and portal triad vessels in all three treatment groups. Histology of lungs showed air sac wall thickening and increased fibrous tissue in all three groups. Biochemical results of the hepatic enzymes showed that the SGOT levels in groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than the control group two days after the intervention. Results of this study indicated that all concentration of copper nanoparticles [with 10-15 nm diameters, spherical shape, purity of 99.9%, mineral in nature, and wet synthesis method in liquid phase [alternation]] induce toxicity and changes of histopathological changes in liver and lung tissues of rats. It is evident that these nanoparticles cannot be used for human purposes because of their toxicity

Suppressive impact of anethum graveolens consumption on biochemical risk factors of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

We aimed to determine the effects of Anethum graveolens [Dill] powder on postprandial lipid profile, markers of oxidation and endothelial activation when added to a fatty meal. In an experimental study, 32 rabbits were randomly designated into four diet groups: normal diet, high cholesterol diet [1%], high cholesterol diet plus 5% [w/w] dill powder and high cholesterol diet plus lovastatin [10 mg/kg, bw]. The concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol [TC], low density lipoproteins cholesterol [LDL C], alanine aminotransferase [alt], aspartate aminotransferase [ast], fibrinogen, factor VII, apolipoprotein B [ApoB], nitrite and nitrate were measured in blood samples following 15 h of fasting and 3 h after feeding. Concurrent use of A. graveolens powder or lovastatin significantly decreased ALT, TC, glucose, fibrinogen and LDL C values in comparison with hypercholesterolemic diet group [P < 0.05]. Consumption of A. graveolens or lovastatin did not change factor VII, ApoB, nitrite and nitrate levels significantly in comparison with hypercholesterolemic diet group. Intake of A. graveolens significantly decreased serum AST compared to hypercholesterolemic diet. A. graveolens might have some protective values against atherosclerosis and that it significantly affects some biochemical risk factors of this disease. Our findings also confirm the potential harmful effects of oxidized fats and the importance of dietary polyphenols in the meal