ABSTRACT
Background: understanding the prevalence of menstrual disorders has important implications for both health service planning and risk factor epidemiology
Objective: the aim of this review is to identify and collate studies describing the prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran
Materials and Methods: studies with original data related to the prevalence of menstrual disorders were identified via searching six electronic databases and reviewing citations. All abstracts or titles found by the electronic searches were independently scrutinized by two reviewers. The Meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model, considering the remarkable heterogeneity among studies. A total of 35 eligible epidemiological studies were included in this review
Results: overall, the pooled prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was 73.27% [95% CI=65.12-81.42]. The mean proportion of women with oligomenorrhea was 13.11% [95.5%, 95% CI: 10.04-16.19]. We identified 16 studies that reported polymenorrhoea with a random effect of pooled prevalence estimate of 9.94% [95% CI 7.33%-12.56%]. The prevalence estimate of hypermenorrhea was 12.94% [95% CI 9.31%-16.57%]. Overall prevalence of hypomenorrhea was 5.25% [95% CI 3.20%-7.30%], ranging from 0.9- 12.90%. Pooling six studies that reported estimates for menorrhagia, the overall prevalence was 19.24% [95% CI 12.78-25.69]. Overall, 6.04% [95% CI: 1.99-10.08] of the women were shown to have metrorrhagia
Conclusion: this systematic review suggests that the average prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran is substantial. It has been neglected as a fundamental problem of women's reproductive health. Diagnosis and treatment of these disorders should be included in the primary health care system of reproductive health
ABSTRACT
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is a frequent condition in reproductive age women with a prevalence rate of 5-10%. This study intends to determine the relationship between PCOS and the outcome of assisted reproductive treatment [ART] in Tehran, Iran
Materials and Methods: In this historical cohort study, we included 996 infertile women who referred to Royan Institute [Tehran, Iran] between January 2012 and December 2013. PCOS, as the main variable, and other potential confounder variables were gathered. Modified Poisson Regression was used for data analysis. Stata software, version 13 was used for all statistical analyses
Results: Unadjusted analysis showed a significantly lower risk for failure in PCOS cases compared to cases without PCOS [risk ratio [RR]: 0.79, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.66-0.95, P=0.014]. After adjusting for the confounder variables, there was no difference between risk of non-pregnancy in women with and without PCOS [RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.72-1.05, P=0.15]. Significant predictors of the ART outcome included the treatment protocol type, numbers of embryos transferred [grades A and AB], numbers of injected ampules, and age
Conclusion: The results obtained from this model showed no difference between patients with and without PCOS ac- cording to the risk for non-pregnancy. Therefore, other factors might affect conception in PCOS patients
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal death and the second biggest cause of death in children under five years of age. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of PTB and its associated factors using logistic regression and decision tree classification methods. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4,415 pregnant women in Tehran, Iran, from July 6–21, 2015. Data were collected by a researcher-developed questionnaire through interviews with mothers and review of their medical records. To evaluate the accuracy of the logistic regression and decision tree methods, several indices such as sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve were used. RESULTS: The PTB rate was 5.5% in this study. The logistic regression outperformed the decision tree for the classification of PTB based on risk factors. Logistic regression showed that multiple pregnancies, mothers with preeclampsia, and those who conceived with assisted reproductive technology had an increased risk for PTB (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Identifying and training mothers at risk as well as improving prenatal care may reduce the PTB rate. We also recommend that statisticians utilize the logistic regression model for the classification of risk groups for PTB.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Infant , Pregnancy , Cause of Death , Classification , Cross-Sectional Studies , Decision Trees , Iran , Logistic Models , Medical Records , Methods , Mothers , Perinatal Death , Pre-Eclampsia , Pregnancy, Multiple , Pregnant Women , Premature Birth , Prenatal Care , Prevalence , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Background: The multiple pregnancy incidence is increasing worldwide. This increased incidence is concerning to the health care system. This study aims to determine the frequency of multiple pregnancy and identify factors that affect this frequency in Tehran, Iran
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 5170 mothers in labor between July 6-21, 2015 from 103 hospitals with Obstetrics and Gynecology Wards. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of five parts: demographic characteristics; information related to pregnancy; information related to the infant; information regarding the multiple pregnancy; and information associated with infertility. We recruited 103 trained midwives to collect data related to the questionnaire from eligible participants through an interview and medical records review. Frequencies and odds ratios [OR] for the association between multiple pregnancy and the selected characteristics [maternal age, economic status, history of multiple pregnancy in first-degree relatives, and repro-ductive history] were computed by multiple logistic regression. Stata software, version 13 [Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA] was used for all statistical analyses
Results: Multiple pregnancy had a prevalence of 1.48% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.85]. After controlling for confounding variables, we observed a significant association between frequency of multiple pregnancy and mother's age [OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.001-1.09, P=0.044], assisted reproductive technique [ART, OR=6.11, 95% CI: 1.7-21.97, P=0.006], and history of multiple pregnancy in the mother's family [OR=5.49, 95% CI: 3.55-9.93, P=0.001]
Conclusion: The frequency of multiple pregnancy approximated results reported in previous studies in Iran. Based on the results, we observed significantly greater frequency of multiple pregnancy in older women, those with a history of ART, and a history of multiple pregnancy in the mother's family compared to the other variables
ABSTRACT
Background: although the effectiveness of ginger as an antioxidant agent has been exploited, little human research has been conducted on its activity on male reproductive functions
Objective: this study was designed to investigate the effects of ginger [Zingiber officinale] on sperm DNA fragmentation [SDF] in infertile men
Materials and Methods: this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation was performed on 100 infertility treatment candidates who were admitted to Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Tehran, Iran. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of two treatments: ginger and placebo. Patients were given a 3-month oral treatment [members received capsules containing 250 mg of ginger powder twice a day in ginger and a placebo in other group]. Before and after treatment, standardized semen samples were obtained to determine sperm concentration, motility, and SDF according to World Health Organization
Results: there was no significant difference between two groups regarding SDF at baseline [53.48. 95%CI: 37.95-69.02] in cases and [56.75, 95%CI: 40.01-73.5] in controls. The average positive percentage of SDF in patients receiving ginger [17.77, 95%CI: 6.16-29.39] was lower compared with placebo [40.54, 95%CI: 23.94-57.13] after three month of treatment [p=0.02]. In multivariate analysis, SDF was significantly lower in patients receiving ginger compared with placebo [mean difference: 3.21, 95%CI: 0.78-5.63, p=0.009]. There were no significant differences between two groups regarding to semen parameters
Conclusion: the present study has demonstrated that ginger in a controlled study of efficacy was effective in decreasing SDF in infertile men
ABSTRACT
Background: Few studies have been conducted on the infertility problems in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of infertility problems and related factors in Iranian infertile patients
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 405 infertile patients referred to Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran, between 2014 and 2015, were selected by simple random sampling. Participants completed the Fertility Problem Inventory [FPI] including 46 questions in five domains [social concern, sexual concern, relationship concern, rejection of parenthood, and need for parenthood]. Mean difference between male and female was verified using independent-samples Student's t test. A generalized linear model [GLM] was also used for testing the effect of variables on the fertility problems. Data was analyzed using Stata software version 13
Results: The mean age [SD] of participants was 31.28 [5.42]. Our results showed that 160 infertile men [95.23%] were classified as very high prevalence of infertility problems. Among infertile women, 83 patients [35.02%] were as very high prevalence of infertility problems, and 154 patients [64.98%] were as high prevalence. Age [P<0.001], sex [P<0.001], a history of abortion [P=0.009], failure of previous treatment [P<0.001], and education [P=0.014] had a significant relationship with FPI scores
Conclusion: Bases on the results of current study, an younger male with lower education level, history of abortion and history of previous treatments failure experienced more infertility problems
ABSTRACT
Regular physical activity [PA] is an underlying factor since childhood and adolescence for having a healthy and active future for life. The I-aim of this stud y was to review the evidence on increasing the youth PA to develop the national program at country level. At first, the databases were searched using the sensitive keywords, and systematic reviews of the relevant databases were extracted. The studies were evaluated in terms of relevance and methodological quality for effective interventions that were detected. These cases were also identified in the effective interventions: disadvantages, benefits, costs, methods, and limitations of early studies, which were based on systematic review of the studies. Three interventions were identified as physical education curriculum reform, the creation of extra-curricular activities, as well as approaches to environmental and social support. Evidences showed that the relative impact of these interventions were not high. Thus, a combination of all three options of integrated approach is recommended for reducing the sedentary lifestyle of youths