Clinical education stressors in medical trainees in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd

Introduction: Stress is an important factor in the educational process. Teaching and learning are stressful processes. This stress can affect one's ability and change his/her performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate stressors of clinical education from the perspective of medical students in Yazd University of Medical Sciences

Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in Yazd University of Medical Science during year 2014-2015. The sample size was 170 medical students who were selected randomly. The data were collected by a questionnaire including four components: interpersonal relationship, educational environment, clinical experience and the unpleasant emotions. A significance level of 0.05 was considered for analysis. The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA and T-tests, using SPSS software, version 14.

Results: The results showed that the highest domain score belonged to interpersonal relationship [3.33 +/- 0.3] followed by unpleasant emotions domain [3.3 +/- 0.3]. The lowest domain score of clinical education stressors was educational environment [3.12 +/- 0.1]. The results showed that the mean score of interpersonal relationship domain was more in women than in men [p<0.05]

Conclusion: The relationship between teachers and students is an effective factor in all dimensions of clinical education stressors. So proper measures such as the promotion of scientific awareness of teachers and educational staff about factors that lead to stress and the best way to communicate with students should be taken to reduce the students' stress

Prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache in Yazd, Iran

Migraine and Tension-Type Headache [TTH] are the most frequent neurologic disabilities worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache among up to 15 years old. A descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 500 people in Yazd through cluster sampling method. International Headache Society criteria were used for diagnosis of migraine and tension headaches. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression in SPSS 16 were used for data analysis. Migraine and TTH prevalence were respectively 6% and 4.9%. Abnormal sleep patterns were in 66.7% of people with migraine that this relationship was significant. The incidence of nausea and vomiting during migraine were respectively 55.6% and 40.7%. Photophobia in 55.9% and phonophobia in 85.2% of patient with migraine were reported. All of 48.1% of migraine sufferers have attacks with visual aura [P = 0.012] and also 48.1% have attacks with sensory aura. Migraine and TTH prevalence rate is relatively low in this study. However, people with migraine and TTH should be identified and optimally treated

Construction and validation the lifestyle questionnaire related to cancer

Background: Healthy lifestyle is a significant factor in cancer etiologic and prevention of cancer. There are instruments to measure a healthy life style, but the lifestyle questionnaires only examine one or a few more aspects of lifestyle

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to construct a comprehensive instrument to examine all aspects of lifestyle related to cancer

Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Yazd city in Iran. A questionnaire was designed to assess and measure various aspects of lifestyle related to cancer using similar studies. Researchers used the Cronbach's alpha and test-retest method to determine the reliability. Also, construct validity was determined using the factor analysis method in SPSS 16 software

Results: Face validity was examined using a panel of experts. Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale was appropriate [alpha = 0.87]. Also, Cronbach's alpha for all dimensions of questionnaire was acceptable [perfect score]. Test-retest method was used to determine the reliability. The results indicated that ICC was in the range of 0.84 to 0.94. Based on the obtained results of factor analysis method, 8 dimensions of the questionnaire were extracted [physical health, physical activity and exercise, mental health, drug and alcohol avoidance, balanced consumption of food, environmental pollutants and harmful substances, weight control and nutrition, and reproductive health]

Conclusions: This study showed that the present questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable tool for collecting data about the lifestyle of people related to cancer

Effect of Carrot Intake in the Prevention of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with the incidence and mortality being higher in men than in women. Various studies have shown that eating carrots may play a major role in the prevention of gastric cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the relationship between carrot consumption and gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Persian databases like Scientific Information Database (SID) and IranMedx. The following search terms were used: stomach or gastric, neoplasm or cancer, carcinoma or tumor, and carrot. Statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta Analysis/2.0 software. RESULTS: We retrieved 81 articles by searching the databases. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 articles were included in this study. The odds ratio (OR) obtained by fixed effects model showed that a 26% reduction in the risk of gastric cancer has been associated with the consumption of carrots) OR=0.74; 95% confidence interval=0.68~0.81; P<0.0001). According to funnel graph, the results showed that the possibility of a publication bias does not exist in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study showed an inverse relationship between the consumption of carrots and the risk of gastric cancer.