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@#Introduction: Hand hygiene plays a huge role in removing hospital infections. The aim of this study was to explore the nurses’ viewpoints about the factors affecting hand hygiene compliance. Methods: In this qualitative content analysis study, the data were collected through purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with 15 nurses. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analyses were conducted using Lundman and Graneheim’s method. Results: Six themes were identified, including the facilitator and barriers to compliance with hand hygiene on personal, interpersonal, and organizational levels. One theme was personal facilitator, with categories of facilitating the cognition and adherence to values. Personal barriers included cognitive obstacles, attitudinal barriers, and physical barriers. The interpersonal facilitators included supportive social climate and appropriate culture building. The interpersonal barriers involved inappropriate culture building and being under pressure. The organizational facilitators were strong leadership style, good managerial support, and competent staff evaluation; the last theme was organizational barriers with categories of poor leadership style, ineffective staff development, inconsistency in organizational policy, and incompetent staff evaluation. Conclusion: This study adopted an integrated approach to examining the factors affecting the nurses’ hand hygiene compliance. It is recommended that future interventions should consider the differences at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels and developed a tailoring approach.
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Introduction: Social participation is considered one dimension and also determinant of quality of life. The level of social participation of the elderly is influenced by various components such as socio-economic and demographic factors. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between social participation, quality of life, and some socio-economic factors in community dwelling elderly in Kerman, Iran
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 communities dwelling old people in Kerman in 2017 selected through random sampling. The data were collected using researcher-made Social Participation questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression analysis
Results: The results revealed the participants' mean score of social participation was above fifty. Social participation was significantly associated with age [p < 0.001], marital status [p = 0.004], education level [p < 0.001], and occupation [p = 0.021]. A significant direct correlation was also observed between social participation and quality of life [p < 0.001], and social participation determined 21 % of variance of life quality score [p < 0.001]
Conclusion: With the increase in social participation of the elderly, their quality of life improves. Establishing nongovernmental organizations, charities, and associations for retirement and aging can increase the level of social participation of the elderly
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Background: Although sleeping problems are common among all age groups, the elderly suffer a higher prevalence of sleep disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality, self-efficacy, and stages of change among the elderly
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 36 individuals aged 60-75 years selected through simple random sampling in 2013. The data were collected using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and self-made structured questionnaires, including sleep self-efficacy scale and stages of sleep behavior change scale. SPSS statistical software, version 19 was used to analyze the data and descriptive and inferential statistics such as independent samples t-test were used
Results: The results of the present study revealed that the mean of sleep quality was 7.91 [SD=4.99]. In addition, most of the subjects [69%] had poor sleep quality. Considering the stages of change, the participants were in different stages of sleep behavior change. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between self-efficacy and PSQI total score [P<0.001]. Also, significant relationships were observed between self-efficacy and the variables of stages of change [P<0.05], except for the average night sleep
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that most of the elderly had poor sleep quality. Besides, they were in different stages of change in sleep problems. The results also indicated that self-efficacy affected the sleep quality in the elderly. Therefore, measures should be taken based on stages of change and increased self-efficacy to improve sleep quality among the elderly
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Objective [s]: To compare prediction power of exercise intention and behavior based on self-efficacy and theory of planned behavior
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the kahrizak Nursing home in Tehran. Participants were 60 elderly aged 60 to 85 years old. A questionnaire based on theory of planned behavior and self-efficacy was used to collect data. The data were analyzed performing regression analysis
Results: Self-efficacy predicted 35.6% of the Intention to exercise while the theory of planned behavior predicted 32.8%. Self-efficacy predicted 21.3% of the exercise behavior whereas the theory of planned behavior predicted 15.7%
Conclusion: The findings suggest that self-efficacy could predict intentions and behaviors better
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Background: Smoking is one of the preventable causes of diseases as well as early deaths all around the world. In addition, conducting educational interventions plays a major role in preventing adolescents from smoking. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on preventing Shirazi students from smoking
Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 154 male students of the 2[nd] grade of high school from Shiraz were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to a control and an experimental group. The study data were collected through a questionnaire including the demographic information, questions on knowledge, and questions based on the components of the theory of planned behavior. After the pre-test, the intervention group underwent the educational intervention and after 2 months, both groups took part in the post-test. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software [v.11.5] and analyzed through the non-parametric tests of Mann-Whitney, Fisher, and Chi- square as well as Linear Multiple Logistic Regression
Results: No significant difference was observed between the two groups' mean scores before the intervention. After the intervention, the intervention group's scores of knowledge, attitude, intention, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly increased
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior was highly effective in reducing Shirazi high school students' intention to smoke
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Background/Objective: This study aimed to address the knowledge gap in citizenship education. In other words, there was an attempt to investigate the effect of a citizenship education program on knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral intention of high schools girls
Methods: 228 female students, 91 in the experimental and 137 in the control groups participated in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The educational program was run in the experimental group using interactive teaching-learning techniques. The research data were, then, analyzed in SPSS, using inferential statistics
Results: The mean score of the students' knowledge in the experimental group increased from 7.35 +/- 1.93 in the pretest to 11.14 +/- 1.78 in the posttest, while in the control group this score remained approximately the same in the pre- and post-tests. The pre- and post-test means of attitude scores were statistically different, but not in the control group. The pretest mean scores of the subjective norm in the experimental and control groups were relatively similar, but in the posttest it became significantly different [experimental: 25.78 +/- 3.77, control: 23.40 +/- 4.62]. The students' behavioral intention score increased from 18.51 +/- 2.71 to 20.87 +/- 3.04 in the experimental group. The mean scores of intention in the pretest and posttest were not statistically different in the control group. In the second posttests, the levels of these constructs remained unchanged in the control group, but they were significantly higher than pretest scores in the experimental group
Conclusion: This study revealed the adolescents' need for as well as the efficacy of a citizenship education program
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Regular physical activity is ranked as a leading health indicator. Despite the extensive benefits of physical activity, elder people are much less active than desired. Using Theory of Planned Behavior [TPB] and the self-efficacy construct, this study examined the prediction of physical activity intention and behavior in a sample of elderly male resident of a nursing home. In a cross-sectional study of the residents of Kahrizak Nursing Home in Tehran, Iran, elderly men who were 60 years or older, capable of independent living, mobility, and verbal communication were asked to complete measures of the TPB, self-efficacy and physical activity behavior. A hierarchical step-wise multiple regression analysis indicated that affective/instrumental attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control [PBC] explained 32.8% of the variance in physical activity intention, and self efficacy provided an additional 2.7%. In a reverse step regression, the TPB variables explained an additional 12.2% of physical activity intention. In a multiple regression analysis on physical activity behavior, affective/instrumental attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control [PBC] and intention explained 15.7% of the variance in physical activity behavior while self-efficacy contributed an additional 5.6%. In the reverse step regression, TPB predictors contributed an additional 3.0% in explaining the variance in physical activity behavior. The results indicate that in addition to the TPB, self-efficacy may also play an important role in the prediction of behavior, and should be included in the design of physical activity programs for elderly men of nursing home residents