Extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1) mutations in nine Iranian families with lipoid proteinosis.

Background & objectives: Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is an autosomal recessive disease. Clinical characteristics of this disease are hoarse voice, scarring of the skin, brain calcifications, and eyelid papules (moniliform blepharosis). Mutations in the ECM1 gene on 1q21.2 are responsible for this disease. This study was conducted to investigate the mutation spectrum of ECM1 gene in nine Iranian families having at least one LP patient diagnosed clinically. Methods: The entire ECM1 gene was screened using PCR and direct sequencing in nine Iranian families with 12 suspected LP patients who were referred to the clinic, along with their parents and siblings. Thirty healthy individuals were included as controls. Results: In only one patient a homozygous G>A transition at nucleotide c.806 in exon 7 was detected. A G>A substitution at nucleotide 1243 in exon 8 that changes glycine (GGT) to serine (AGT) was observed in most of our patients. Furthermore, in one patient there was a change in the sequence of intron 8, the A>T transition in nucleotide 4307. In addition, in two cases (one patient and one healthy mother with affected child) there was a C (4249) deletion in intron 8. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results indicate that although mutation in ECM1gene is responsible for lipoid proteinosis, it is likely that this is not the only gene causing this disease and probably other genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of the LP disease.

Investigation of FANCA gene in Fanconi anaemia patients in Iran.

Background & objectives: Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a syndrome with a predisposition to bone marrow failure, congenital anomalies and malignancies. It is characterized by cellular hypersensitivity to cross-linking agents such as mitomycin C (MMC). In the present study, a new approach was selected to investigate FANCA (Fanconi anaemia complementation group A) gene in patients clinically diagnosed with cellular hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agent MMC. Methods: Chromosomal breakage analysis was performed to prove the diagnosis of Fanconi anaemia in 318 families. Of these, 70 families had a positive result. Forty families agreed to molecular genetic testing. In total, there were 27 patients with unknown complementary types. Genomic DNA was extracted and total RNA was isolated from fresh whole blood of the patients. The first-strand cDNA was synthesized and the cDNA of each patient was then tested with 21 pairs of overlapping primers. High resolution melting curve analysis was used to screen FANCA, and LinReg software version 1.7 was utilized for analysis of expression. Results: In total, six sequence alterations were identified, which included two stop codons, two frames-shift mutations, one large deletion and one amino acid exchange. FANCA expression was downregulated in patients who had sequence alterations. Interpretation & conclusions: The results of the present study show that high resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis may be useful in the detection of sequence alteration. It is simpler and more cost-effective than the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) procedure.

Mutations in the gene encoding paired box domain (PAX8) are not a frequent cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Iranian patients with thyroid dysgenesis / As mutações no gene PAX8 não constituem uma causa frequente de hipotireoidismo congênito em pacientes iranianos com disgenesia tiroidiana

OBJECTIVE: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may be caused by defects in the thyroid or in one of the stages in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Thyroid dysgenesis may be associated with mutation in the paired box transcription factor 8 (PAX8) gene. We attempted to screen PAX8 gene mutation in 50 CH patients with thyroid dysgenesis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The patients were classified in two groups as agenesis and ectopic based on biochemical and para clinical tests. By employing PCR, Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) and sequencing, exons 3 to 12 of PAX8 gene with their exon-intron boundaries were studied. RESULTS: No mutation was found in these patients in any of the exons. CONCLUSION: Our results, once again, indicate that the PAX8 mutation rate is very low and can only explain a minority of the cases. Therefore, it is highly needed to further investigate the genes controlling development and function of thyroid.

OBJETIVO: O hipotireoidismo congênito (HC) pode ser causado por defeitos na formação da tireoide ou em uma das etapas da síntese dos hormônios tireoidianos. A disgenesia da tireoide pode ser associada a mutações no fator de transcrição PAX8. Neste estudo, foram rastreadas mutações no gene PAX8 em 50 pacientes com CH com disgenesia da tireoide. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram classificados em dois grupos, com agenesia ou com ectopia, segundo os testes bioquímicos e paraclínicos. Foram empregadas as técnicas de SSCP (Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism) e sequenciamento para analisar os éxons 3 a 12 do gene PAX8 e suas bordas éxon-intron. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma mutação foi encontrada nesses pacientes, em qualquer um dos éxons. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados, mais uma vez, indicam que a taxa de mutação PAX8 é muito baixa e só pode explicar a minoria dos casos. Portanto, é altamente necessário investigar outros genes que controlam o desenvolvimento e as funções tireoideanas.

Expression of MRP1 gene in acute leukemia / Expressão do gene MRP1 em leucemias agudas

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Overexpression of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) gene has been linked with resistance to chemotherapy in vitro, but little is known about its clinical impact on acute leukemia patients. Our aim was to investigate the possible association between MRP1 gene expression level and clinical outcomes among Iranian leukemia patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was an analytical cross-sectional study on patients referred to the Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Research Center, Sharyatee Public Hospital, whose diagnosis was acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). All molecular work was performed at NIGEB (public institution). METHODS: To correlate with prognostic markers and the clinical outcome of acute leukemia, MRP1 gene expression was assessed in 35 AML cases and 17 ALL cases, using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and comparing this to the chemotherapy response type. RESULTS: Mean expression in AML patients in complete remission (0.032 ± 0.031) was significantly lower than in relapsed cases (0.422 ± 0.297). In contrast, no significant difference in MRP1 mRNA level was observed between complete remission and relapsed ALL patients. There was a difference in MRP1 expression between patients with unfavorable and favorable cytogenetic prognosis (0.670 ± 0.074 and 0.028 ± 0.013, respectively). MRP1 expression in M5 was significantly higher (p-value = 0.001) than in other subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that high MRP1 expression was associated with poor clinical outcome and was correlated with the M5 subtype and poor cytogenetic subgroups among AML patients but not among ALL patients.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A superexpressão do gene de resistência a múltiplas drogas associado à proteína 1 (MRP1) tem sido ligada à resistência à quimioterapia in vitro, porém pouco é conhecido sobre seu impacto clínico nos pacientes com leucemia aguda. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a possível associação entre a expressão do gene MRP1 e os desfechos clínicos em pacientes iranianos com leucemia. DESENHO E LOCAL: Este foi um estudo analítico transversal em pacientes encaminhados ao Centro de Pesquisa em Hematologia, Oncologia e Células Tronco do Hospital Público de Sharyatee, com diagnóstico de leucemia mielóide aguda (LMA) ou leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA). Todo trabalho molecular foi realizado no NIGEB (instituição pública). MÉTODOS: Para correlação de marcadores prognósticos e desfechos clínicos da leucemia aguda, a expressão do MRP1 foi avaliada em 35 casos de LMA e 17 de LLA, usando a reação da cadeia de polimerase quantitativa em tempo real, e comparando este dado ao tipo de resposta à quimioterapia. RESULTADOS: A média da expressão em pacientes com LMA em remissão completa (0,032 ± 0,031) foi significativamente menor que aquela dos casos recidivantes (0,422 ± 0,297). Por outro lado, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos níveis de mRNA para MRP1 entre os casos de LLA com remissão completa e os casos recidivantes. Houve uma diferença na expressão de MRP1 entre pacientes com prognóstico citogenético não-favorável e favorável (0,670 ± 0,074 e 0,028 ± 0,013, respectivamente). A expressão de MRP1 em M5 foi significativamente maior (valor de p = 0,001) do que em outros subtipos. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados sugerem que a alta expressão de MRP1 se associou com o pior desfecho clínico, estando correlacionada com o subtipo M5 e os subgrupos citogenéticos menos favoráveis para os pacientes com LMA, mas não para pacientes com LLA.