ABSTRACT
Background: obesity is one of the most important health problems in many countries which increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Although cardiovascular findings are specific to adulthood, but identification of cardiovascular risk factors in childhood is necessary to prevent damage to target organs in adulthood The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in obese children and adolescents
Methods: this cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 442 children and adolescents aged 4 to 16 years old. After the clinical examination, blood pressure, height and weight were measured. The body mass index over than 95th percentile for age and sex or BMI Z-Score equal or more than 2] was defined as obesity. After 12 hours of fasting, the blood samples were taken for measurement of serum lipid profiles, insulin and glucose levels
Results: of the total obese subjects, 15.8% [n=70] had no risk factors for cardiovascular disease, while 22.2% had one, 32.4% had two, 22.4% had three, 2.5% had four and 1.6% had five risk factors. The most common risk factor was hypertriglyceridemia [52.3 %] and the second risk factor was impaired fasting blood glucose [34.9%]
Conclusion: the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is high in obese children and adolescents
ABSTRACT
Low Cardiac Output Syndrome [LCOS] contributes to postoperative morbidity and mortality. This article tries to find a predictive factor to interpret outcome after cardiac operation. In a cross-sectional study, 100 children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB] without significant left-to-right shunt were selected. Arterial and central venous oxygen saturation values were measured via blood samples simultaneously obtained in 6-hr intervals for a total of 24-hr during postoperative period at hours 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24. Postoperative ventilation support [intubation period] and cardiovascular support were also obtained from the hospital records. Statistical analysis was later performed comparing the arterial-mixed venous oxygen saturation differences and durations of required ventilatory and cardiovascular support, both for the complicated and non-complicated patient groups. The data was processed with correlation Pearson and Mann-Whitney U tests in SPSS 15 software, P less than 0.05 was significant. Mortality following cardiac operation is 6% and complications may happen in 45% of the cases. The highest Arterial-mixed venous oxygen saturation difference occurred immediately post operation [up to 57%]. These measures were high up to 18 hours in complicated and non-complicated groups [36% vs. 31% ; P< 0.05]. This factor cannot predict prolongation of intubation period in patients [P > 0.05]. Arterial-mixed venous oxygen saturation difference may be high as much as 57% or as low as 23%.These different measures, being higher up to 18 hours in complicated to non-complicated groups after 18 hours, can be related to tissue ischemia during surgery and cannot be discriminative.
ABSTRACT
The relationship between congenital heart disease and nephropathy has been known for a long time although its mechanism has not been understood thoroughly. Furthermore such studies have been performed in older populations. 74 children aged between two months to 168 months [20 normal as control group, 20 cyanotic and 34 acyanotic patients with congenital heart disease were investigated for their renal function and protein excretion. The data were analyzed using SPSS [version 16.1] independent t- test. Creatinine and glomerular filtration rate in cyanotic was lower than acyanotic group but these were not significant while both protein excretion incidence [65% vs 24%] and quantity [1.2 vs 0.2; measured as urine protein to creatinine ratio] were higher significantly in cyanotic group [P< 0. 001]. In cyanotic children with congenital heart disease proteinuria is more common and more severe compared with acyanotic patients; this is not related to age in children as it may occur in the same nephrotic range in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease
ABSTRACT
With attention to association of right atrial pressure to renal venous hypertension, we try to review renal function indices changing due to congenital heart disease as base of right atrial pressure and cyanosis condition. Forty five children without preexisting renal disease, diagnosed as pulmonary hypertension due to congenital heart disease with or without cyanosis entered to this study their renal function indices besides to their right atrial pressure measured by angiographic documents .The effects of right atrial pressure and cyanosis on renal function indices evaluated by appropriate statistical methods. Right atrial pressure is not a common problem but it is more frequent in cyanotic than acyanotic patients. In addition significant proteinuria occurs in cyanotic patients with high right atrial pressure [above 5 mmHg]. There is not any difference between renal function as glomerular filtration rate or creatinine in either groups of cyantic or acyanotic with a high or normal right atrial pressure. In cyanotic congenital heart disease patients who have pulmonary hypertension measuring of right atrial pressure seems essential; in high risk group including those with high right atrial pressure and cyanosis, significant proteinuria may happen in up to 30% of cases independent of age or gender