ABSTRACT
Male genital tract infections have been associated with infertility, and Escherichia coli has drawn increasing attention as an important bacterium in this context. This investigation aimed to characterize and compare the distributions of O-antigen serogroups of E. coli in the semen samples of fertile and infertile men. Methods: In this case-control study, semen samples were collected from 618 fertile and 1,535 infertile men. The E. coli-positive samples were evaluated in terms of concentration, morphology, viability, and motility parameters according to the World Health Organization 2010 guidelines. Finally, different serogroups of E. coli were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the O-antigen variations of the bacterium. Results: The prevalence of E. coli among fertile men was significantly higher than among infertile men (p<0.001). The sperm morphology, viability, and motility in the E. coli-positive fertile group were significantly higher than in the E. coli-positive infertile group (p<0.001). E. coli O6 was the most prevalent serogroup found in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of different serogroups of E. coil between the two groups (p=0.55). Conclusion: Despite the higher prevalence of E. coli among fertile men, E. coli had more detrimental effects on semen parameters in infertile men. There was no significant difference in E. coli serogroups between the fertile and infertile groups.
ABSTRACT
Background: Prescribing antidepressant drugs is becoming common. These drugs are known to affect sexual functions
Objective: The study is aimed to assess the effects of amitriptyline and venlafaxine on sperm parameters and evaluate Malondialdehyde [MDA] and 1, 1-Diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl values in BALB/ mice spermatozoa
Materials and Methods: Forty adult male BALB/c mice were separated into five groups. Group I [control] received distilled water; group II amitriptyline [4 mg/kg]; group III amitriptyline [4 mg/kg] +vitamin C [10 mg/kg]; group IV venlafaxine [2 mg/kg]; and group V received vitamin C [10 mg/kg] + venlafaxine [2 mg/kg]. All drugs were administered by oral gavage for 35 days. After excision of caudal epididymis, it was located in 1 mL Ham's F10 medium at 37 degree C for 15 min and then analysis of sperm parameters was performed. To examine lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity, the MDA and 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl were measured, respectively
Results: The mean sperm parameters in the group treated with amitriptyline were significantly lower than in the other groups. MDA tests showed a significant difference between amitriptyline and control groups [p=0.007]
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that amitriptyline consumption can weaken sperm parameters, which can be attributed to the increased production of ROS and toxicity resulting from amitriptyline consumption. Moreover, venlafaxine improved sperm parameters in mice and the lipid peroxidation in this group did not change compared to the control group
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Background and Aims: Group B streptococcus [GBS], is a bacterium that colonize in the vagina and/or rectum of pregnant, as well as non-pregnant women. The frequency of GBS varies in different geographical areas. Capsular serotyping of the bacterium could result in efficient vaccine designation. Serotyping data of GBS in Iranian pregnant women is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the GBS molecular capsular serotyping of pregnant women in Yazd, Iran
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 346 vaginal and urine samples collected from pregnant women were cultured on blood agar and following incubation, the suspected colonies were identified according to standard protocol. Capsular serotyping was carried out by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction assay
Results: Three hundred forty six samples were collected from pregnant women out of which 57 [16.47%] and 33 [9.5%] samples were identified as GBS of vagina, and urine, respectively. Serotype III was predominant in both vaginal and urine samples by frequencies of 54.4% and 51.5 %, respectively. Other serotypes in vaginal GBS were as II [26.3%], Ia [12.3%], Ib [3.5%], and V [3.5%]; while in urine GBS were as Ia [21.2%], II [18.2%], Ib [6.1%], and V [3%]
Conclusions: This study revealed that capsular serotype III of GBS is the dominant serotype among pregnant women in Yazd, Iran. Moreover vaginal and urine GBS serotypes were significantly correlated. These data could be helpful for future possible formulation of a GBS conjugate vaccine
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Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae [K. pneumoniae] is an opportunistic pathogen that could be resistant to many antimicrobial agents. Resistance genes can be carried among gram-negative bacteria by integrons. Enzymatic inactivation is the most important mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides. In this study, the frequencies of two important resistance gene aac[6']-IIa and ant[2'']-I, and genes coding integrase I and II, in K. pneumonia isolates resistant to aminoglycosides were evaluated
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, an attempt was made to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of 130 K. pneumonia isolates obtained from different samples of patients hospitalized in training hospitals of Yazd evaluated by disk diffusion method. The frequencies of aac[6']-IIa, ant[2'']-I, intl1, and intl2 genes were determined by PCR method. Data were analyzed by chi-square method using SPSS software [Ver. 16]
Results: our results showed that resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and amikacin were 34.6, 33.8, 43.8, and 14.6%, respectively. The frequencies of aac[6']-IIa, ant[2'']-I, intl1, and intl2 genes were 44.6, 27.7, 90, and 0%, respectively
Conclusion: This study showed there are high frequencies of genes coding aminoglycosides resistance in K. pneumonia isolates. Hence, it is very important to monitor and inhibit the spread of antibiotic resistance genes
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Old people appear to be most prone to loneliness and depression perhaps because of decrease in their ability in daily livings, increase in morbidity, loss of close ties caused by loss of friends and spouses. This study was conducted for investigation of the loneliness and its related factors in elderly people in Yazd
Methods: In this cross sectional study, 200 old people [over 60 years old] from three zone; health centers, nursing home and retirement center by convenient sampling method. Data was collected by UCLA Loneliness Scale that was consisting of 20 items for loneliness measurement. Scores 41 and more defined as loneliness. Collected data was analyzed by proper statistical tests with SPSS software
Results: Results showed that 71 % of subjects had Not Feel Lonely, 24 % moderate and 5 % severe felling of loneliness. Factors such as level of education, marital status, numbers of daughter and sons, previous job, residence site, current job status, living in nursing home, insufficient income, place of praying, sleep quantity and quality of sleep and feeling of healthy were associated with loneliness status [p < 0.05]
Conclusion: Our findings showed loneliness is common in elderly that support needs for more investigations and attention to loneliness related factors, educational courses conduction for family to take care of their elders, preparing of recreational measures and social support groups to decrease the loneliness in old people and so they spend this period by good and healthy sensation
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Background: Human leukocyte antigen-E [HLA-E]is a non-classical major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class I antigens which expressed on extra villous cytotrophoblast, which interacts with NKG2A, is an inhibitory receptor on natural killer [NK] cells and leading to down regulation of immune response in the maternal-fetal interface and provides maternal immune tolerance of the fetus
Objective: This study was designated to investigate the gene frequencies of E0101 and E0103 in HLA-E gene in Iranian women with recurrent spontaneous abortion [RSA]
Materials and Methods: Amplification Refractory Mutation System [ARMS-PCR] technique was carried out to detect polymorphism in exon 3 of the HLA-E gene in women with RSA and controls [n=200]. Differences between groups were analyzed by SPSS19 software using X[2] test
Results: There was no significant difference in the allele frequencies of the HLA-E polymorphism between RSA and fertile controls but HLA-E 0101/0103 heterozygous genotype was found to be significantly higher in RSA group [p=0.006, OR=1.73], so this genotype might confer susceptibility to RSA
Conclusion: Our results suggest that HLA-E 0101/0103 heterozygous genotype leads to increase of RSA risk. It seems that by genotyping of HLA-E polymorphism, we can predict the risk of RSA in infertile women
ABSTRACT
Background: There is a growing concern about the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with variety of diseases worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with pregnancy adverse effects in Yazd
Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 200 nulliparous women from October 2013 to April 2014. Data containing socio-demographic and personal details, vitamin D level, pregnancy complications and growth situation of newborns were collected and analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson's correlation coefficient by SPSS. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: The mean serum 1, 25 [OH][2]D[3] concentration was 20.3 +/- 10.8 micro g/l. Totally, 78% of the women had less than sufficient levels. Mean of vitamin D was significantly higher in natural or elective cesarean in comparison with abortion and emergency cesarean [p=0.040]. Risk of abortion was 3.1[1.39-6.8] and higher in severely deficient group in comparison to women with vitamin D deficiency [p=0.017] and mean of vitamin D group was significantly lower in women who had oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios complication [p=0.045]
Conclusion: The study findings revealed that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in pregnant women and it is significantly associated with elevated risk for abortion, and oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios. Probably, a targeted screening strategy can be suggested to detect and treat women at high risk of vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy as a simple way to reduce the risk of these adverse pregnancy outcomes in Yazd
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Pregnancy Outcome , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pregnancy Complications , Abortion, MissedABSTRACT
Objectives: To estimate the Disabled-adjusted Life Years [DALYs] of Road Traffic Accidents in patients referred to hospitals in Yazd Province, central Iran
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Yazd province during 2010. To calculate the Years of Life Lost [YLL] due to premature death and to calculate the incidence of non-fatal injuries and Years Lost due to Disability [YLD], the data were collected from Yazd death registration system and hospital records
The causes of death and nature of non-fatal injuries were classified using International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10]
We estimated Disability Adjusted Life Years [DALYs] on the guidelines of the Global Burden of Disease Study [discount rate: 0.03, age weight: 0.04, constant age weight correction factor: 0.165]. Age and sex composition was taken from the National Statistical Center for the year 2010
Results: During 2009, 483 deaths were caused by traffic accidents in Yazd Province, 382 [79.09%] of which were males, and 101 [20.91%] were females
The mortality rates for males and females were 70.98 and 20.15 in 100,000, respectively. The years of life lost due to premature deaths were 15.84/1000 in men and 4.75/1,000 in women
Total YLLs caused by traffic accidents were 10,908 years. The injuries caused by traffic accidents were calculated as 15.21 and 3.73/1,000 in males and females, respectively. The total YLDs was calculated 1.51/1,000
The total burden of Road Traffic Injuries in Yazd province was 12478 years [DALYs], 87.41% of which was due to premature death, and 12.59% was related to disability. Also, 78.32% was lost in males. The age specific peak of burden was in 15-29 year
Conclusion: This study showed that traffic accidents in Yazd impose a high burden. It seems that it is one of the health sector priorities. It is recommended to revise laws on use of motorcycles, especially on helmet use for motorcyclists, enforce strict laws in residential areas, and review social determinant affecting the incidence of such accidents
ABSTRACT
Cancer incidence rate is increasing in the world particularly in developing countries. The awareness regarding cancer incidence and distribution helps policy makers and researchers to design comprehensive plan for controlling cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate and trend of cancer in Yazd Province, centeral Iran. Data from Yazd cancer registry were derived from 2005 to 2009. Direct standardization through world standard population produced by the world health organization was used and Age- Standardized Incidence rate [ASR] was calculated. Data were analyzed using ASR, by EXCEL and SPSS software. The new cases of cancer were 4631 patients from 2005 to 2009. Mean age of these patients was 57.98 +/- 27.49 years and 53.5% were male. Female patients were approximately 5 years younger than males. The most frequent cancer was breast in women followed by skin, colorectal, hematologic system and stomach. The 5 most frequent cancers in men were skin, bladder, colorectal, stomach and prostate. The ASR in 2005 to 2009 was respectively 85.2, 86.1, 92.6, 102.2 and 104.7 per 100,000 populations. ASR of cancer is increasing rapidly in Yazd Province. It is necessary to have a comprehensive health policy for prevention and control of this problem