Isolation, Characterization and in vitro Evaluation of Specific Bacteriophages Targeting Extensive Drug Resistance Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Septic Burn Wounds / 감염과화학요법

Background@#Antibiotic resistant bacteria and various infections caused by them especially extensive drug resistance (XDR) strains and worrying statistics of mortality due to these strains and also the lack of a clear vision for development and production of new effective antibiotics have made the necessity of using alternative therapies more apparent. @*Materials and Methods@#In this study, specific phages affecting the Pseudomonas aeruginosa XDR strain were extracted from hospital wastewater and their laboratory characteristics along with lysis effect on 40 XDR strains of P. aeruginosa were investigated. @*Results@#The results indicated that three isolated phages (PaB1, PaBa2 and PaBa3) belonged to the Myoviridae and Pododoviridae families and were specific to Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.More than 98% of phages absorbed their host in less than 10 minutes (Adsorption time <10 min) and completed their lytic cycle after 40 minutes (latent time = 40 min). Burst size of PaBa1, PaBa2 and PaBa3 was 240, 250 and 220 pfu/cell, respectively. PaBa1 lysed 62.5% of the XDR strains with the highest efficiency. The three Phage cocktail was effective against 67.5% of the studied strains. @*Conclusion@#The results of this study indicate the significant potential of these phages for therapeutic use and prophylaxis of infections caused by this bacterium.

Early versus late fixation of mandibular fractures in adults

Background: facial fractures occur most commonly in males in the third decade of life. The most frequent causes of facial fractures are road traffic accident, interpersonal violence, falls, and sports-related accidents. Mandible fractures are one of the common facial fractures in the adult population. However, the timing of treatment of mandible fractures remains a source of debate

Aim of the work: the aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of early versus late treatment of isolated mandibular fractures in adults upon healing and postoperative complications

Patients and Methods: the present study included 20 patients who were presented by isolated mandibular fractures. They were divided into two groups according to the time utilized from injury to operative intervention: Group 1: included 11 patients who were treated within 72 hours. Group 2: included 9 patients who were treated after 72 hours up to 14 days. All included patients were underwent full history taking, examinations [general and local] done in a systematic manner, laboratory and radiological examination. Outcome was documented for all patients

Results: both groups were comparable as regard to age and sex [no females]. The most common cause of trauma in studied patients was road traffic accident. Operative time extended from 110 to 192 minutes with no significant difference between absorbable and non-absorbable groups [150.07+/-23.99 vs 160.06+/-20.54 minutes respectively]. There were a total of 20 males and no females in the study group with a mean age of 23.3+/-6.3 [range 18to 38 years] in the immediate group and 26.6+/-8.1 [range 18 to 39 years] in the delayed group. The most common fracture types in both groups were parasymphyseal and angle fractures with RTA as the most common etiology. In the immediate group, there were one patient with temporomandibular joint pain after surgery, five patients with numbness, and one patient with malocclusion. In the delayed group, no patients with TMJ pain, seven patients with numbness, and two patients with malocclusion

Conclusion: our study did not reveal a statistically significant difference in the development of postoperative complications after mandible fracture repair between the early and late treatment groups

Role of zinc as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory to relieve cadmium oxidative stress induced testicular damage in rats

Objective To investigate the role of zinc in reducing the deleterious effects of cadmium on male gonads. Methods Rats were injected subcutaneously with CdCl

Estimation of the novel antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects of silymarin in Albino rats and mice

Objective: To evaluate the other pharmacological actions of silymarin in Albino rats and mice such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects. Methods: Rats were injected intramuscularly with pyrogenic dose of brewer's yeast for the antipyretic test of silymarin. Another group of rats injected with 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan solution in saline at the subplanter area of the right hind paw for the antiinflammatory test of silymarin. Another group of mice tested by hot plate method for determination of antinociceptive effect of silymarin. Hyperlipidemia was induced using high fat diet for 2 months to estimate the antihyperlipidemic activity of silymarin. Results: Silymarin showed a significant antipyretic effect of both doses (50 and 100 mg/ kg) compared with control untreated group. Moreover, silymarin elucidated a significant anti-inflammatory effect of both doses reflected on the decrease of the rat paw edema every hour interval for 4 h after administration in comparison with control positive group. By the same taken, both doses of silymarine revealed a significant antinociceptive action in hot plate method at 30 and 60 min post administration. Besides, it lowered significantly the serum levels of prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta after 2 h of silymarin administration in carrageenan induced rat paw edema besides the significant decrease of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and significantly elevated high density lipoprotein after 2 weeks of silymarin administration. Conclusions: These outcomes delivered a new vision into the possible pharmacological mechanisms by which silymarin advances antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects.

antimicrobial activity of grape seed extract against two important oral pathogens

The antimicrobial properties of plant extracts have shown promise for development of new drugs. This study was conducted to measure the antibacterial activity of grape [Vitis vinifera] seed extract against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In this experimental study the grape seed extract have been prepared with maceration method. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was examined by determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration [MBC] using the macro dilution broth technique. MIC and MBC for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was 3.84 mg/mL and 7.68 mg/mL respectively. There were not any inhibitory effects against Streptococcus mutans. The Grape seed extract has inhibitory and bactericidal effects against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. There were not any bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects against Streptococcus mutans

Modified extra dartos pouch orchiopexy: preliminary report of 72 cases

Undescended testes are a common problem, affecting up to 3% of newborn males. The goals of orchiopexy in humans are to provide adequate scrotal fixation, to prevent recurrent torsion of the testis and spermatic cord or ascent of the testis, and to achieve these goals with minimal trauma to the testis. The best method of achieving fixation remains controversial. The aim of our study is to evaluate our modified extradartose pouch technique in retaining testis in the scrotum. Patients and methods: Between August 2005 and September 2008. Our studied group included 61 patients with 72 orchiopexies age ranged from 5 months to 15 years with the mean age of 58.5 +/- 40 months [4.8 years] all cases had palpable undescended testis 20 pa tients [32.7%] had unilateral left side 30 patients [49.1%] had unilateral right side and 11 patients [18%] had bilateral undescended testis. Testis was located in the superficial inguinal pouch in 33 cases [45.85%], intra-canalicular in 39 cases [54.16%]. Hernial sac was found in 69 cases [95.8%], postoperative wound infection occurred in one case[1.38%] and haematoma formation in two cases [2.77%] no ascent of the testis nor testicular atrophy was observed in the follow up period. which extends now up to 3 years and we still follow up those cases.3 patients [4 orchiopexies] lost follow up. Our modified technique for extradartose pouch fixation seems to be a fast reliable method for orchiopexy however comparative studies and long term assessment is still needed to establish this method

Study of psychological aspects in asthma an Egyptian experience

The problem of psychologic trouble in asthma is frequently overlooked, and needs to be assessed. For this purpose 40 asthmatic patients were investigated. A psychological trouble was found to be present in 55% of them; mostly in the form of anxiety/neurosis [84.6%]. Its proper conventional management, when added to the traditional phamacotherapy, stepped up the outcome of treatment in the particular case: The success, interpreted as relief and control parameters; combined together in the treatment which means controlled or partially controlled, reached 81.8% in these patients. The incidence of "difficult to treat" or uncontrolled cases dropped from 36.4% to 18.2%, when such cases received added psychotherapy. Even the comparison of the overall relief and control of patients revealed significant better outcome, when the proper treatment was applied to either patients with or without psychological trouble; figures being 81.8% and 77.7%, respectively. As a pilot study, this presentation calls for more elaborate study on the subject, with special attention to whether the relationship is a cause and effect one and/or a mere association

Role of spermatic vein inhibin B and LDH activity as predictors of testicular dysfunction in varicocele patients

lnhibin B generated by Sertoli cells provides negative feedback on FSH secretion. In men, inhibin B seems to be physiologically important form of inhibin. Lactic dehydrogenase [LDH], an intracellular enzyme that indicates cellular damage. Varicocele has been associated with infertility and disturbed spermatogenesis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between varicocele, LDH and inhibin B. This study was conducted on forty infertile men with varicocele and twenty age matched control men. LDH and inhibin B were measured in the blood samples of these 40 patients with varicocele which were obtained synchronously from spermatic and peripheral veins during operation and in peripheral vein of control men. Varicocele patients were classified into two groups: group I twenty patients with normal sperm concentration [> 20 million /ml], and group II twenty patients with low sperm concentration [< 20 million /ml]. FSH and testosterone were measured by chemilurninescence while inhibin B was measured by enzyme immunoassay method. LDH enzyme activities were assayed by enzymatic U.V methods. Sperm counts ranged from 3.9 to 60 million/ml, while motility ranged from 15 to 48%. LDH level and inhibin B in spermatic vein were significantly higher than the level in peripheral vein. There was no correlation between sperm counts and LDH level in spermatic vein. lnhibin B concentrations in spermatic vein correlated significantly with serum concentration of FSH [r= -0.63, p < 0.001] and free testosterone [r= 0.34, p<0.05] and also correlated significantly with sperm counts [r= 0.44, p < 0.01] and total testicular volume [r= 0.56, p< 0.01]. lnhibin B showed significant reduction in patients with varicocele than in control men, while LDH showed no significant difference. There were significant increases in inhibin B and LDH in both peripheral vein and spermatic vein of men with sperm count > 20 million /ml when compared with men who had count < 20 million/ml. Significant increase in spermatic vein LDH and inhibin B levels were observed in varicocele. These findings suggest that inhibin B may be offer an improved diagnosis of testicular dysfunction. Consequently, spermatic vein LDH activity and inhibin B level can be predictors of testicular dysfunction in varicocele

Prognostic value of matrix metalloprotinease2 [MMP-2] and p53 expression in colorectal carcinoma patients with lymph node metastasis

P53 gene mutation occurs in about 50-60% of colorectal carcinoma [CRC] patients. The key enzymes responsible for extracellular matrix breakdown are matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs]. These have been reported to plug an important role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis, which are major factors in the morbidity and mortality of CRC. The study included 46 patients with CRC who were diagnosed and treated in Mansoura University Hospital d w the period between January 1999 to January 2001. They were treated with left or right hemicolectomy, anterior resection or total mesolectal excision. These included 24 males and 22 females with age ranged from 22-70 year with median age of 46 years [+/- 1 4] Immunohistochemically staining of both tumor and positive lymph nodes was performed on paraffin sections for p53 and MMP2. Twenty one patients were stage C with lymph node metastasis. P53 diffuse positive staining of the tumor cell nuclei was identified in 16 out of 46 [3596] tumor cases and 10 out of 21 [48%] of metastatic tumors. Cytoplasmic MMP-2 expression was positive in 20 out of 46 [43%] tumors, where its expression in the stroma was positive in 17[37%] In lymph node metastasis, cytoplasmic MMP-2 was positive in 11 out of 21 [52%] of tumors. There was a statistical correlation between p53 and MMP-2 expression in lymph node metastatic tumors [p<0.05]M. MP-2 was seen more in tumor cells invading the muscular is with little staining in more superficial areas. Poor survival was associated with MMP2, p53 expression in patients with 1ymph node metastasis. Lymph node metastatic tumors have higher incidence of p53 and MMP2 staining. These data suggest a role for MMP-2 in colorectal cancer with lymph node metastasis. These results confirm the prognostic value of MMP-2 and p53 on survival of CRC

Evaluation of long term results of distal urethral advancement and glanuloplasty for the repair of distal hypospadm

Distal hypospadias represents the most common male genital malformation. Many surgical procedures had been practiced for repair of distal hypospadias, and only few reports had follow up more than one year, The objective of this study was to evaluate the long term results of distal hypospadias repair using distal urethral advancement and glanuloplasty technique. This study comprised 87 patients admitted to the Surgical Department, Mansoura University Hospital with the diagnosis of distal hypospadias and underwent surgical repair using distal urethral advancement and glanuloplasty technique. Their mean a.ge was 6.7 [+4.6] range 2-20 years, and the mean follow up was 48.3 [range 12-78] months. Good outcome was achieved in 79 [90.8%] patients, and complications occurred in only 8 [9.20%] patients including urethral fistula in 2 [2.30%] meatal stenosis in 3 [3.45%], meatal retraction in 1 [1.15%], and poor cosmetic results in 2 [2.30%] patients. We concluded that long-term follow up confirms the validity of this procedure with good outcome and low complication rate