overview of the most common enzyme defect, glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency

Background: Glucose-6-Phosphate-Dehydrogenase [G6PD] deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency globally and is more remarkable in certain parts of the world which had high malaria prevalence in the past. It is an X-linked genetically inherited disorder, where the first presentation can be neonatal jaundice. There are over 300 variants of this disorder based upon the genetics. Although the morbidity and mortality is not very high, the deficiency can be more appropriately managed by proper preventive methods which include screening and avoidance of trigger. Also prompt management of acute hemolysis can save a child from many complications

Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE from January 1987 to March 2017. The following search terms were used: G6PD deficiency, prevalence of G6PD, genetics of G6PD deficiency, management and diagnosis of G6PD

Aim of the work: this study aimed to understand about the etiology, pathophysiology and study various lines of prevention and management of G6PD deficiency in pediatric age group

Conclusion: proper preventive and treatment methods can avoid negative effects on the child's quality of life and reduce morbidity and mortality, therefore the child's care takers must be well informed

Early epinephrine administration in patients with cardiac arrest in case of shockable rhythm in ER

The objective of the review was to investigate the scientific production and evaluate the effectiveness of epinephrine in the treatment of cardiac arrest in terms of survival and neurological status. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were searched up till November 2017 for published studies in English language and human subjects discussing early epinephrine administration in patients with cardiac arrest in case of shockable rhythm in emergency medicine. Prehospital epinephrine management may increase short-term survival [ROSC] yet does not improve survival to release, or neurologic results after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest OHCA. Although there is no clear proof of long-lasting advantages complying with the use of epinephrine in OHCA, there is insufficient evidence to sustain altering present guidelines which recommend its management [1 mg every 3-5 min] throughout resuscitation. As a result, there is a need for additional clinical trials to analyze whether lower dosages or alternative regimes of epinephrine administration. Furthermore, one of the most important aspects of care in cardiac arrest is basic life support [BLS] measures, consisting of adequate compressions and early defibrillation

Causes, diagnosis, and management of hypothyroidism

Background: Among hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism is considered to be the most common disease, and is subdivided into congenital or acquired, based on the onset. The exact site of dysfunction can further classify the disease into primary and secondary. It is crucial to determine the level of severity of the disease as severe cases may end up in a coma. On the other hand, mild cases may be asymptomatic. Diagnosis is mainly based on serum thyroid hormones levels, and the treatment depends on thyroxine administration with an excellent prognosis

Aim of this review: was to explore the types of hypothyroidism, its diagnosis, and study the best course of management that must be followed

Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1985, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: hypothyroidism, myxedema, classification of thyroid diseases, investigation of hypothyroidism, management of hypothyroidism

Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is a common disease that usually affects females more than males. Populations at higher risk include, old women, pregnant women, dyslipidemic patients, and patients with a history of radiation exposure. Diagnosis is based on measurement of TSH along with the thyroid hormone levels. Management includes administration of thyroxine, and must be done early

Emergency management of stroke

A stroke takes place when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or there is bleeding in the brain. Within a short time, brain cells starts to die. It is critical to seek emergency care at the first sign of a stroke. Early treatment saves many lives and decreases the effects of stroke. If brain cells die or are damaged as a consequence of a stroke, symptoms take place in the parts of the body that these brain cells control. Examples of stroke symptoms comprised sudden weakness, paralysis or numbness of the face, arms, or legs [paralysis is an inability to move], trouble speaking or understanding speech and trouble seeing. A stroke is a serious medical condition that requires emergency care and may cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability or even death