[Diagnostic value of kidney length and volume in sonography for determining kidney scar among infants with urinary infection]

Diagnosis of kidney scar could prevent vesico urethral reflax and its complications such as hypertension and renal failure. This study was conducted to determine average kidney length and volume in infants by sonography to accurate diagnosis of scars. This study was conducted on infants with the history of UTI who referred to Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah Iran, for DMSA scan. They underwent kidney sonography before DMSA scan. Difference in kidney length and volume were calculated and data was recorded and were analyzed using statistical tests. Right kidney length was less than left in 60% of right kidney scars this rate was 77.8% in nonscar patients [P=0.657]. Left kidney length was less than right in 50% of left kidney scar and that was 22% in nonscar patients [P=0.241]. Kidney volume was smaller than other side in 55.6% of right kidney scar and 62.5% of left kidney scar. Higher length detected in 100% and 47% of right and left kidney inflammation respectively. Higher volume detected in 40% and 76.5% of right and left kidney inflammation. In comparison with other studies suggesting kidney length as a valuable predictor for diagnosis of scar we did not find any relationship between scar and kidney length or volume

Effects of dorsal static splint on spasticity and range of motion of upper extremity of children with cerebral palsy in three time periods

Cerebral Palsy [CP] is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by non-progressive lesions in single or multiple locations in the immature brain. Lesions of motor cortex and pyramidal tracts can lead to spasticity. Inhibition of spasticity is necessary to increase extremity mobilization, prevent postural abnormalities and provide independence in daily living activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of volar static splint spasticity and range of motion of upper extremity in children with Cerebral palsy in three periods of time. The design of this study was experimental and repeated measurements. Ten children with Cerebral palsy aging 4-6 years old were non-randomly selected among children referred to occupational therapy Clinic of rehabilitation Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Children used dorsal static splint for three months [2 hours at day and 4 hours at night]. In this study, Modified Ashworth Scale was used to evaluate spasticity and a Goniometre was used to measure passive range of motion. The results of this study showed significant reduction in the upper limb spasticity after 2 months [p