ABSTRACT
Objectives: Diabetic patients with higher health literacy [HL] may feel more confident in their ability to perform self-care behaviors and may have strong beliefs that diabetesrelated behaviors will lead to specific outcomes. Our study aimed to document the relationships between HL, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and diabetes self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] in Iran
Methods: We conducted a crosssectional observational study of 187 patients with T2DM. Participants completed the Functional Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale, Outcome Expectations Questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire
Results: Participants who received diabetes education [t = 5.79, p<0.001] and were married [F = 3.04, p<0.050] had better diabetes self-care behavior. There was a significant positive correlation between self-care behaviors and communicative HL [r = 0.455, p<0.010], critical HL [r = 0.297, p<0.010], self-efficacy [r = 0.512, p<0.010] and outcome expectations [r = 0.387, p<0.010]. Diabetes education and marital status accounted for 16.9% of the variance in diabetes self-care. Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, communicative, and critical HL explained 28.0%, 1.5%, 3.7%, and 1.4% of the variance, respectively
Conclusions: This study revealed that the potential impact of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, communicative, and critical HL should be considered in the education program for patients with diabetes. We found self-efficacy to be the most important predictor of diabetes self-care. Therefore, the use of self-efficacy theory when designing patient education interventions could enhance diabetes self-care. It is essential that health care providers assess patient's HL levels to tailor health-related information specific to a domain of HL. This would fully inform patients and promote empowerment rather than simple compliance
ABSTRACT
This study was performed to determine the effect of health education on the improvement of intake of fruits and vegetables aiming at preventing colorectal cancer among high school girls in the city of Shahr-e-kord. Colorectal cancer is one of the most important and most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Every year, nearly one million new cases of colorectal cancer are recognized around the world and nearly half of them lose their lives due to the disease. 130 students were randomly divided to two groups, which experimental [65] and controls [65] were chosen from the city of Shahr-e-kord for this experimental study. The instruments for data collecting were selfmade questionnaire health belief model based and food frequency questionnaire. The HBM FFQ questionnaires were completed before, immediately and two months after education by participants. After pre-test, 5 educational session classes in experimental group were performed. Finally, data collected and analyzed by SPSS16 computer software [Ttest, T-Paired, repeated measure ANOVA]. Findings of the study showed that before the intervention there was no significant differences between the scores of different structures of HBM model in two groups [P>0.05], after the intervention there was significant differences between experimental and control groups in the levels of knowledge, structures of HBM model and performance for preventing colorectal cancer [p<0.001]. Performing educational programs based on health belief model increases the knowledge and improves the attitudes and practices of students regarding prevention of the colorectal cancer.