Smoking knowledge, attitude and behavior of child labor who live in Tehran during 2013-2014

Children and adolescent smoking is one of the most important health problems in the world. There is a major concern that child labor may generate a pseudo maturity syndrome, including smoking. The current survey focus on smoking behavior, knowledge and attitude of child labor are working in Tehran. The study adopted a cross-sectional design, based on a primary pilot descriptive cross sectional study, using GYTS self-administered questionnaire. 816 child labor, which were student of work labor schools or worked as child labor on Tehran parks and crossing roads, were randomly selected using multi stage cluster sampling. DATA analyzed using SPSS v.22 [IBM statistic] software and chi square test to compare the frequency of variables in different groups. 50.6% of our participants were boy and child laboring age varied from 11 to 17 years old. 18.6% of child labor had smoking experience [Confident Interval 95%=17.3-20.1]. 9.8% of them were current smoker [CI 95%=8.6-10.9] and 1.2% were current regular smoker [CI 95%=0.9-2.1]. Child labor smoking hazard knowledge was evaluated by considering the minimum and maximum score of 10 to 30. Results demonstrated that the mean score of knowledge, attitude and behavior were 17.1 +/- 6.2, 36.5 +/- 16.1 [range 15-45] and 46.1 +/- 3.0 [range 25-75], respectively. Considering to our findings, planning tobacco control program for these specific groups is required, aiming at preventing cigarette smoking by increasing the knowledge and correcting their attitude

Behavior and knowledge of Iranian professional athletes towards smoking

This study aimed to assess the rate of tobacco consumption among professional athletes in Iran and assessing their knowledge and attitude in this regard. A total of 738 athletes from 10 different types of sports were evaluated. Athletes were all members of the priority leagues. After obtaining consent from the Physical Education Organization and coordination with the related federations, athletes were asked to fill out the standard questionnaire. All understudy subjects were males. The mean age was 28.4 +/- 2.7 yrs. The mean age of initiation of sport in these subjects was reported to be 12.3 +/- 4.01 yrs. A total of 178 [24.6%] subjects had experienced cigarette smoking and 308 [42.3%] had experienced hookah smoking. Sixty four subjects [9%] were current smokers. The mean score of knowledge about hazards of smoking was 5.6 +/- 0.9 among those who had experienced smoking. This score was 7.9 +/- 0.5 among those with no smoking experience [P=0.04]. Rate of smoking among professional athletes is lower than general population average. So participation in organized sports may be a protective factor against tobacco use in people

Comparison of spermatozoa quality in male smokers and nonsmokers of Iranian infertile couples

Smoking has a negative effect on fertility and sperm quality. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of smoking on sperm quality and the related parameters such as sperm concentration, morphology and motility. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 infertile men with at least one year history of idiopathic infertility, who admitted to the Avicenna Infertility Center, Tehran, Iran. A complete history including smoking habits and other diseases was obtained and semen analysis was performed for all participants. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16 and t test and Mann-whitney tests with a significance level of alpha = 0.05. Comparison of sperm parameters in the two groups of smoker and nonsmoker subjects showed that active smoking [p=0.04] and cigarette consumption even in small amounts [p=0.03] decreased sperm concentration, However, no significant correlation was detected between smoking status and morphology or motility of sperms. This study failed to find a significant correlation between sperm analysis and smoking status except for sperm concentration, which was significantly decreased in the active smokers ,even in those consuming small amounts of tobacco. This finding propounds that tobacco consumption may negatively affect fertility

effects of demographic factors and cigarette smoking status on drug treatment success rate in outpatient treatment and rehabilitation centers

This was an analytical historical cohort study based on an existing data base study conducted in different areas of Tehran. The present study determined the effect of demographic factors and cigarette smoking status on success rate of addiction treatment in outpatient treatment and rehabilitation clinics for substance abusers. We accomplished our study in outpatient clinics authorized by the "welfare organization," which included three governmental treatment centers and private centers among those located in 22 regions of Tehran. Data were collected using a checklist, which contained demographic characteristics, personal information and information about prevention, treatment and follow-up records of 1372 patients. Factors associated with addiction treatment success rate were reviewed using multiple logistic regression tests. Our study showed that addiction treatment was successful in only 258 cases [18.8%]. The final multiple regression model showed that single and married patients were 2.18 times [P=0.033] and 2.70 times more successful in quitting than divorced, or separated cases [P=0.005]. In addition, patients who lived in rental or mortgaged houses were 1.43 times more successful than homeowners [P=0.036]. More than 90% of participants in this study were daily smokers at the time of the study. Patients who did not have a history of smoking were 1.69 times more successful than ex-smokers [P=0.007]. Based on our study results only a few people were successful in addiction treatment; marital status, type of housing, residential status and smoking status were the most important factors associated with the outcome of addiction treatment

[Smoking cessation success rate and its relation to severity of nicotine withdrawal syndrome]

Smoking cessation at any age is the most effective way to reduce disease progression especially in pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Understanding the barriers against successful quit can increase the efficacy of smoking cessation programs. In this study we have evaluated the relation between successful cessation and intensity of nicotine withdrawal syndrome. It was a cross sectional study. During a one year course the volunteers stopped their smoking by nicotine gum under the supervision of the physician. At the end of the course the intensity of nicotine withdrawal syndrome was evaluated. Then the relation between smoking cessation rate and the intensity of nicotine withdrawal syndrome was evaluated. 298 participants were studied. 67.8% were male and 74.2% were married. The mean age of participants was 38.5 +/- 11 years. At the end of the course 45% were successful in smoking cessation. The mean score of craving in successful and unsuccessful participants was 4.6 +/- 3.7 and 8 +/- 3, respectively [p<0.001]. The mean score of restlessness in successful and unsuccessful participants was 3.8_3.2 and 6.2 +/- 3.9, respectively [p=0.003]. The mean score of anxiety among successful and unsuccessful participants was 3.4 +/- 3.2 and 5.4 +/- 3.6, respectively [p=0.01]. There was statistical relation between intensity of some of nicotine withdrawal symptoms [anxiety, restlessness, and craving] with successful cessation. So implementation of special treatment for these signs and symptoms is valuable in smoking cessation program