ABSTRACT
To assess the epidemiologic features of shigellosis in Iranian military personnel of the Army. The data was gathered from archived reports of Iran's Army at AJA University of Medical Sciences. All military personnel with confirmed diagnosis of shigellosis reported by the Army physicians were included in the study. Data analysis was done by appropriate statistical functions using STATA software. In a 7-year period [2005-2011] the total number of cases was 1710 from 25 provinces of Iran. A large difference was found out in the incidence rates of different provinces. 69% of all cases were from the five provinces of Hormozgan, Khuzestan, Sistan-Baluchistan, Bushehr and Guilan. Although the majority [55%] of the cases had occurred in spring, the association between season and incidence rate was not significant [P = .08]. Among the three studied forces 45% of reported patients were from Navy. The overall occurrence of shigellosis has decreased among Iranian army personnel from 2005 to 2011, but the incidence is still high enough to be considered as a major problem. Army healthcare commanders are expected to improve necessary facilities, especially in the Navy and in endemic provinces, to decrease the transmission of this infection.
ABSTRACT
Natural products are important resources in herbal medicines and have been long used for prevention and treatment of many diseases. Aloe vera has been shown to modulate the immune response. Candidiasis is one of the most common fungal infections and Candida albicans has become the fourth most common cause of hospital infections, so in this article the effects of Aloe vera plant extracts on macrophage activation has evaluated. First of all we infected the 5 groups of the mice with Candida Albicans and then allowed the Candida to activate in one week .Then the Aloe Vera extract [has] injected to mice. Then intraperitoneal macrophages of mice has got and in the end MTT test [has been] performed in order to evaluate the viability of intraperitoneal macrophages. In vivo results show that all of doses of the Aloe Vera extract 100mg/kg, 50, 20, 10 significantly increased cell viability in presence of mitogen. This study showed Aloe Vera extracts in the In vivo in presence of immune stimulator has an effective role in stimulating the immune system [in]. In Further studies, processing such as isolation and purification of aloe vera components, are necessary to clarify the modulatory effects of aloe vera on macrophage function
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Immunologic Factors , Candida albicans , Models, Animal , Mice , Plant ExtractsABSTRACT
Despite the possibility of curing TB with medical therapy, it has a sizable impact on the lives of afflicted patients. This study aimed to evaluate of treatment effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs on the quality of life on tuberculosis patients admitted in Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran. The investigation was a before and after study. It was done in 2006-2007 by fill in Persian translated questionnaire of WHOQOL- BREF on 46 pulmonary or extra pulmonary TB infected patients. Paired samples T-test was performed to find out the differences. After 8 weeks of treatment, mean score elevation was significant in physical [15.76 +/- 23.89, p<0.001], psychological [7.84 +/- 17.57, p=0.004], and social [6.83 +/- 19.48, p=0.02] domains. It was not significant in environmental domain [2.15 +/- 8.48, p=0.09]. Mean score elevation at the discharge time in physical, psychological, social and environmental domains were: [5.65 +/- 16.56, p=0.09], [11.69 +/- 19.22, p=0.001], [1.04 +/- 8.60, p=0.41], and [4.37 +/- 17.77, p=0.1], respectively. In our study, after treatment of tuberculosis, patient's physical, psychological and social -not environmental- domains of quality of life were elevated, but at the discharge, there was a significant elevation in physical and psychological domains. These results emphasize the importance of patient's treatment at the first days of admission, with special attention to social and environmental domains